Thesis On The Evolution And The Mechanism Of The Rural Social Space In The Great Relics Area From The Perspective Of Spatial Production

The report of the 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China has made clear the significance of strengthening cultural self-confidence and advancing cultural prosperity.As an important historical and cultural resources,the great sites play an important role in building the excellent traditional cultural heritage system of the Chinese nation,highlighting the cultural connection of cities and regions,and driving regional development.More than 75% of the large sites in China are located in suburban and rural areas.These large sites are often affected by low economic development and poor infrastructure conditions,and the strict control of industrial and agricultural production by the cultural relics protection system,which has led to the widespread poverty issues of villages in large sites.Due to the spatial difference between capital investment and cultural protection restrictions,the uneven development of villages in the heritage areas has led to social conflicts and contradictions in the large heritage areas and reflections on the issues of social justice and equity in the heritage areas.Under the background of the comprehensive implementation of the strategy of rural rejuvenation,it is urgent to study the transformation of rural socio-economic development in the great ruins areas.As a complex regional system with relatively independent space,interlaced powers and duties of management authority,intertwined influences of protection and utilization,and numerous stakeholders,the study of rural social problems in the great heritage area needs to jump out of the traditional "absolute space",seeking answers in the dialectical logic of social and spatial interaction.The theory of "space production" is not only helpful to solve the problem of "social space" fragmentation in the traditional study of rural society in the large relics area,but also can bring the social development and spatial imbalance into the same framework for discussion.Therefore,based on the theory of “Spatial Production”,this study establishes a concrete analysis framework in combination with the actual situation in the development of the great site area.Through the "social-space" dialectics,it explores the law of rural social spatial evolution in the great site areasthrough the interaction of spatial practice and social change,and reveals the mechanism of social spatial evolution from the perspective of production and reproduction of social production relations.First of all,this paper combines the theory of “Space Production” with the actual development of large site areas,and establishes the theoretical framework of space production in large heritage areas.On the basis of the definition of the concept and characteristics of the great heritage areas,based on the "ternary theory" to delineate the social space ontology of the great heritage area,this paper demonstrates the applicability of the theory of space production in the great heritage areas,and focuses on exploring the dialectical influence of the human-land relations and human relationsfrom the perspective of power and capital.Secondly,the paper analyzes the characteristics of rural social development in Guanzhong site areas.First,it analyzes the distribution characteristics and natural environment characteristics of Guanzhong sites from a macro perspective,and demonstrates the impact of natural environment on the villages in the site areas.Then it sorts out the process of exhibition and utilization of Guanzhongsites,and analyze the impact of exhibition and utilization on the villages of Guanzhongsites.Finally,it summarizes the general characteristics of rural development in Guanzhongsite areas.On the one hand,based on Harvey's theory of “Three Capital Cycles“ for reference,we roughly divide the development stages of each major site areas,and analyze the ways and means of achieving reproduction by residents driven by capital.On the other hand,in the process of the transfer and differentiation of space power,village residents adjust the production mode in order to maintain their livelihood.A macroscopic summary of the characteristics of social space production in the Guanzhong site areas,not only provides material and basis for subsequent researches,but also demonstrates the universal applicability of the theory to the Guanzhong site areas.Then,five major sites of QinShihuang Mausoleum,QianMausoleum,Qiao Mausoleum,Yaozhou Kiln and Yongcheng Cityare selected as typical cases to analyze the law and characteristics of the social spatial evolution of specific cases.Taking villages as the basic statistical unit,the factor analysis indexes are established from two aspects of "man land relationship" and "human relationship".The ecological factor analysis method is adopted to deliimit the rural social spatialstructure in the large heritage areasand calculate the spatial differentiation index to judge the characteristics of village differentiation in the large site areas.By comparing and analyzing the social spatial changes in the 1990 s,2000,2010 and 2018,the paper summarizes the regular characteristics of social spatial evolution,and extracts several evolution patterns of rural social space in the great heritage areas.Finally,from the perspective of capital power,the laws of social space production in large heritage areas are analyzed.Based on the analysis of the changing characteristics of "man-land relationship" and "human relationship" in several different evolution models,this paper further analyzes the spatial capital accumulation process under the influence of conservation and utilization from the perspective of capital,especially the role of value spillover generated by exhibition and utilization of large site areas in the infiltration of agriculture,industry and tourism to adjust the village production mode.From the perspective of power,this paper interprets the relationship between stakeholders,the role of government power in creating an institutional environment,and the process of adjusting residents' livelihood to achieve reproduction under various institutional frameworks.It is found through research that:(1)The theory of spatial production is generally applicable to the study of large site area.The rural development of large site area reflects the three capital circulation characteristics proposed by Harvey.The practice of rural spatial construction has gradually changed from "quantity promotion" to "quality promotion".The rural production mode and the employment structure of residents in Guanzhong large site area have gradually changed from agriculture to other industrial modes.(2)Most of the rural social space in the large site area is fan-shaped concentric circle structure.And according to its evolution law,five evolution models are summarized.(3)Guided by the theory of spatial production of Marxism geography,this paper analyzes the process of social spatial production in the great site area through the logic of capital and power,and finally summarizes the motivation and mechanism of the evolution of rural social space in the great site area.The practice of capital investment in space production is the original driving force of social space evolution,the transformation of social production relationship is the endogenous factor of social space evolution,and the guidance and regulation of government power to interest groups is the external driving force of social space evolution.In the face of the trend of social spatial differentiation and social stratification,this paper selects the rural communities in the great heritage areas as the research cases to explore how socially vulnerable groups can realize their own reproduction process in the protection and development of the heritage areas.From the perspective of humanism,the research scope of the protection and exploitation of large sites has been expanded,and the research in the micro field of space production has been further enriched.This paper analyzes the social problems in the surrounding areas of the great heritage sites in China,hoping to provide theoretical support for the rural revitalization of the great heritage sites.