Research On Local Governance In Qin Dynasty Based On Qin Jian

Local governance is one of the important topics in Qin history.In recent years,with the publication of new materials such as Yuelu Qinjian(????)and Liye Qinjian(????),it has provided historical data support for the study of local social issues about the Qin Dynasty.Based on previous studies,this article went into a lot of depth about the formation of the local governance system in the Qin Dynasty,the practice and operation of local governance,and the effectiveness and gains of local governance,which combines unearthed documents with ancient books and unifies details and macro-discussion.The formation of the local governance system in the Qin Dynasty had a profound social background.The formation of Qin local governance system has an institutional basis,with the collapse of the "divided" and "patriarchal" governance models of the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Spring and Autumn Period and the embryonic governance system of the Warring States Period.It not only provided ideological support,but also was a deep core that determined the characteristics of its governance model,which assimilated a good deal of the Ideas of Governance in Pre-Qin Dynasty.The social situation in the early days of reunification was a realistic factor in its formation.Qin Jian's data showed that Qin's control of local society was diverse.In addition to the rule of law means,a variety of governance means adused and controled,such as regulating identity and order with knighthood,administering the people by governors,ceremony,and preferential care.Law-based and comprehensive governance may better summarize the characteristics of the local governance model in Qin Dynasty.Speech was closely related to social order.Seen from the Qin literature,there were a lot of improper speeches in Qin local society that endangered social order.Qin regulated,guided,and punished inappropriate speech in the society at the time by means of legislation and education.Yaoyan(??)has the characteristics of rebellious,but rebellious is not a unique feature of the Yaoyan(??)crime,which was not a sign that it is different from other speech crimes.Yaoyan(??)could not refer to the strange language of gosts and gods in the Qin Dynasty.Xingyao(??)was different from Yaoyan(??),whose scope might include other words of rebellious.It showed the institutionalized characteristics of public opinion channel that the officials putted forward opinions on state affairs to the emperor in writting,which was not biockong the way and refusing to speak as Han Confucian said on the basis on the sins of the Qin Dynasty.It promoted the improvement of administrative efficiency through running the mechanism of Qing-writting(???),Dui-writting(???)and Zou-writting(???),which contributed to the smooth flow of words and the interaction of information.The government communicated and interacted with the civil through issuing the order and reading the order.So academic need further understanding about the evaluation of Qin's speech policy.We should be acknowledged the positive role of the normative speech-system in the Qin Dynasty.At the same time,we should also see the negative consequences of policies,such as burning books and confucianism,Qin II's misinterpretation of speech,cracking down on dissidents and other extreme speech policies,which objectively caused the death of the Qin.In the Shuihudi Qinjian,he called his father as Fake-father,for who had a practical marital relations with his remarried mother.The Fake-father was not a Yi Fu(??)as the academics thought but a stepfather in the modern sense.Yi Fu(??)was suposed to a son-in-law who lived in the home of his wife's parents in the family law of Yuelu Qinjian.Regarding how to understand Ru Yi Fu(???),it was involved in the inheritance and management of Qin family property and the stability of individual small families.Wai(?),who was included in Nu Waiqi Ru Fu(?????),may not refer to the area of residence,but should be a legal title.Nu(?)is a general term.This showed the sentencing and legal status of special members of the slave family in domestic crimes.There were a large number of widow groups and female households in Qin Dynasty,which was one of the factors that cause social problems.It was caused some adjustment of family relationship and disorder of family property by widow's remarriage and opening a household.So Qin attached importance to widow family issues.At present,there are some oppions about the reason that Qin Shihuang praised Ba Widow Qing in the academic.Qin Shihuang commended Ba Window Qing as a model,which should be related to the family governance policies in the Qin Dynasty.He combined law with moral manifestation and promoted the family governance policy to Bashu area and even the country,in order to maintain the stability of individual families,ensure the corvee and tax collection and maintain social order and stability.The order of the Qin family combined the law with the moral education,which reflected the comprehensive-to-rule in the local governance.The local security was severe in the Qin Dynasty.The article discusses from two aspects,for example the relationship between Qianshou soldiers and public security and policy prevention in the traffic and the project construction.The view isn't supported that Qin confiscated weapons in order to weak people.The order that the Qianshou carried privete weapons showed that the collection of county officers'and soldiers'weapons could obviously maintain public security.Local security in Qin Dynasty has three characteristics,such as the opposition and harmonization of laws and customs,interaction between government and folk,and regional characteristics that emphasize flexibility.Qin attaches importance to public security in road traffic.For example Wu(?)had an obvious security function.The order An Taiju Shiju Shigong(?????????)highlighted the Qin government's attention to building safety issues and efforts to maintain social order.The Qin Dynasty restricted one's personal freedom through the banning system,which was one of the measures to achieve the control of population movements.The control of population registration was of great significance to the order management.To discuss the practice of local governance in Qin Dynasty,we must analyze its effectiveness and experience.To this end,the sixth chapter of the article discussed its gains and losses and analyzed the influencing factors in the administration of officials,the management of the Qianshou,the relationship between the officials and the people,and the administration of public security,which took New-land(??)as an example.The effectiveness of local governance was affected by the factors such as geographical customs and environment,information congestion,and the check-up system that central government setted up to local officials.In the meantime,it was concluded on social governance concepts,such as adaptation time,accountability system and flexbility.There were a accountability and fault-tolerance system for the grassroot officials in the local governance,whose imbalance was also one of the reasons leading to the death of the Qin.