A Research On The Form Representation Of Real-time Interactive Language And Its Real-time Interactivity

The paper explores the real-time interactivity of real-time interactive language from the aspects of vocabulary and sentence pattern or syntactic structure.This paper devotes to figure out two issues:firstly,puts forward the concepts of real-time interactive language and non-real-time interactive language,and discuss their characteristics,judgement standards and the basis for determining the degree of interactivity of language components.Secondly,performs case studies to some typical forms of real-time interactive language and analyzes its real-time interactivity.By typical and representative case studies,this paper aims to grasp the essential characteristics of real-time interactive language accurately,clarify the differences between real-time interactive language and non-real-time interactive language,and prove that the degree of interactivity of language components is a continuum.The paper contains nine chapters.Chapter One is the introduction,which states the reason why to select this topic,the theoretical significance and practical value of the study,the research status of the register and International Linguistics,purpose and contents,strategy and methods of the research,as well as the source of corpus in details.Based on the previous researches,this paper finds that the differences of numerous synonyms and synonymous structures can be explained by the register and the interactivity of language from further studies.Chapter Two is the theoretical background and research foundation.It puts forward the characteristics and judgement standards of real-time interactive language and non-real-time interactive language.The distinction between real-time interactive language and non-real-time interactive language is the uppermost pragmatic distinction of all languages,which has restrictive functions on linguistic forms,including syntactic structure and pragmatic components.Real-time interactive language and non-real-time interactive language can be distinguished by interactive mood and real-time communicative function.The real-time interactivity is the prominent feature of real-time interactive language.The basic communicative unit of real-time interactive language is real-time interactive sentence.Final modal particles in sentence are explicit markers of real-time interactive sentences,and sentence types of different functions are functional markers of real-time interactive sentences.Furthermore,the degree of the interactivity of some specific language elements（including words and structures）and their real-time interactivity can be confirmed by the co-occurrence of these specific language elements and modal particles,as well as the choice of particular sentence types.Chapter Three to Chapter Eight are the main body of this paper.From Chapter Three to Chapter Five,it demonstrates the real-time interactivity of real-time interactive language from the aspect of vocabulary,and respectively investigate the real-time interactivity of three groups of synonyms,“youqing”（“有请”）and“qing”（“请”）,“manman”（“慢慢”）and“jianjian”（“渐渐”）,and“qianwan”（“千万”）and“wanwan”（“万万”）and their differences on real-time interactive functions.Chapter Three makes a comparative analysis of the real-time interactivity of“youqing”（“有请”）and“qing”（“请”）and their functional differences.“Youqing”（“有请”）is only used in real-time interactive language,with a high degree of interactivity;and“qing”（“请”）is not only used in real-time interactive language,but also used in non-real-time interactive language,with a lower degree of interactivity than“Youqing”（“有请”）.Therefore,all“Youqing”（“有请”）is used in the imperative sentence to express the speaker’s invitation to the listener;“qing”（“请”）is not only used in the imperative sentence for invitation,but also used in the declarative sentence to state objective opinions.Different degree of interactivity between them leads to the significant differences on usage context and pragmatic effects:in most cases,“Youqing”（“有请”）appears in the real-time,on-site and interactive context,and expresses a respectful connotation.The communicative behavior between communicators occurs instantly.Except for the use in the real-time and interactive context as polite expression,“qing”（“请”）can also be used in non-real-time and non-interactive written languages,such as political essay,invitation letter,announcement and so on.Chapter Four examines the real-time interactivity of“manman”（“慢慢”）and“jianjian”（“渐渐”）and their functional differences.“Manman”（“慢慢”）can be used in real-time interactive language and non-real-time interactive language simultaneously,while“jianjian”（“渐渐”）can only be used in non-real-time interactive language which means that“manman”（“慢慢”）has a higher real-time interactivity than“jianjian”（“渐渐”）.Different degree of interactivity between them directly effects their semantic features and syntactic collocations.High frequency co-occurrence in the imperative sentence,“manman”（“慢慢”）obtains the semantic meaning of activity and procedure,and can be collocated with all kinds of verbs and verbal structures freely.Be restricted by its own semantic meaning,“Jianjian”（“渐渐”）highlights gradual change and variability.At the time of matching with verbs and verbal structures,the semantic meaning of consequences shall be revealed.Chapter Five analyzes the real-time interactivity of“qianwan”（“千万”）and“wanwan”（“万万”）and their functional differences.Only be used in real-time interactive language,“qianwan”（“千万”）has a high interactivity.“wanwan”（“万万”）can be used in real-time interactive language,as well as in non-real-time interactive language,its interactivity is lower than“qianwan”（“千万”）.As a result,except for the unmarked imperative sentences,“qianwan”（“千万”）has a high frequency of use in marked imperative sentences which causes the diversity types of its subject.“wanwan”（“万万”）has a little chance to match with the marked imperative sentences,but appears in the unmarked imperative sentences and declarative sentences frequently.Therefore,the form of its subject is complicated.From Chapter Six to Chapter Eight,we examine the real-time interactivity of real-time interactive language from the aspects of sentence pattern or syntactic structure,and respectively investigate the real-time interactivity of verb-direction,the sentence of“ba”（“把”）and verb overlapping.Chapter Six probes the real-time interactivity of verb overlapping structure.The inside of the verb overlapping structure is not a homogeneous system.The verb can be overlapped by three forms:“VV”,“Vyi V”（“V一V”）and“Vle-yi V”（“V[了]一V”）.Their real-time interactivity can form the following continuum:“VV”>“Vyi V”（“V一V”）>“Vle-yi V”（“V[了]一V”）which means that the overlapping form on the far left has the highest real-time interactivity and the far right has the lowest real-time interactivity.The difference of their real-time interactivity triggers the different characteristics of three overlapping forms in use.From“VV”to“Vyi V”（“V一V”）and“Vle-yi V”（“V[了]一V”）,the real-time interactivity of the overlapping decreases in turn,and the limitation for verbs that can be overlapped increases.“VV”has the highest interactivity,all kinds of verbs can enter into the form freely;“Vle-yi V”（“V[了]一V”）has the lowest interactivity,all the overlapped verbs are strong action verbs;the interactivity of“Vyi V”（“V一V”）is in the middle of the continuum,the restrictions for verbs are also in between.Chapter Seven explores the real-time interactivity of the structure of verb-direction.There has difference between the interactivity of“V+趋₁+N+趋₂”,“V-N+复合趋向补语”and“V+复合趋向补语+N”.With a high use frequency,“V+趋₁+N+趋₂”can be used in declarative sentences,interrogative sentences,exclamatory sentences and imperative sentences.The type of verbs within it has a wide range and various syntactic collocation.It has a high co-occurrence with the final modal words.“V-N+复合趋向补语”also can be used in declarative sentences,interrogative sentences,exclamatory sentences and imperative sentences and often matches with the final modal words.But its use frequency in imperative sentences is lower than“V+趋₁+N+趋₂”.“V+复合趋向补语+N”only can be used in declarative sentences.With a low frequency,the verbs matching with it are dominated by monosyllabic verbs and has a low co-occurrence with the final modal words.In short,“V+趋₁+N+趋₂”and“V-N+复合趋向补语”has a higher real-time interactivity than“V+复合趋向补语+N”.Chapter Eight discusses the real-time interactivity of the sentence of“ba”（“把”）.The definiteness of NP after the word“ba”（“把”）is closely related to the real-time interactivity of the sentence of“ba”（“把”）.According to communicative function,the sentence of“ba”（“把”）can be divided into two categories:declarative sentence of“ba”（“把”）and imperative sentence of“ba”（“把”）.Declarative sentence of“ba”（“把”）emphasizes the action results that had happened,and its main purpose is to narrate.It only can be used in non-real-time interactive language,so NP can be either definite or uncertain.Imperative sentence of“ba”（“把”）stresses possible action purpose and performance.It can only be used in real-time interactive language,so NP shall be definite,and it can not be compatible with uncertain NP.Chapter Nine is the conclusion.It summarizes the main standpoints of this paper,concludes the research value,point out the innovation parts and existing shortcomings,and predicts the prospect of incoming research.