The Research On The Yuzhang System In The Liao Dynasty

The Yuzhang system in the Liao Dynasty mainly refers to the institutional system running around the Liao emperor,with the emperor's guards and attendants as the core.The main responsibility is to protect the emperor's safety,maintain the emperor's daily life and assist the emperor in handling affairs.It is an indispensable part of the political system in the Liao Dynasty.This article takes the Yuzhang system of the Liao Dynasty as the research object,conducts a multi-dimensional investigation of the origin,evolution,structure,the responsibilities and the group of officials in Yuzhang system,and summarizes the characteristics and functions of the Yuzhang system of the Liao Dynasty.In addition to the introduction and conclusion,this article is divided into five chapters:With the Introduction explaining the origin of the topic about this paper,defining the category of the study in the Yuzhang system of the Liao Dynasty,combing the academic research status of the Yuzhang system in the Liao Dynasty,and finding out the deficiency and the space of further research.This paper expounds the research ideas and methods as well as the key points,difficulties and innovative points.The first chapter is about the origin and evolution of the Yuzhang system in Liao Dynasty.The Yuzhang system of the Liao Dynasty was established gradually on the basis of the guard system of the nomadic people in the north of China in ancient times and the characteristics of Khitan people.Later,with the influence of the Central Plain Dynasty,the Yuzhang system in the Liao Dynasty developed and evolved.The evolution of the Yuzhang system in Liao Dynasty can be divided into three stages.During Liao Taizu and Taizong period,the Yuzhang system was established and built gradually.During the period from Emperor Shizong of Liao to Jingzong,the imperial power game continued and the Yuzhang system developed and changed continuously.Since the reign of Shengzong,the changes in the Yuzhang system are mainly reflected in the improvement of the internal institutions of the guard and the servants.The second chapter is about the organization of the Yuzhang system in Liao Dynasty.According to the duty,the organization of the Yuzhang system in Liao dynasty can be divided into two kinds of institutions,namely,the guard institution and the serviceable institution.The guard institution include the military guard agencies and the palace guard agencies,while the serviceable institution include the attendant agencies and the waiting agencies.Before the Shengzong Emperor,the emperor was directly in charge of the two kinds of institutions;after the Shengzong Emperor,the Emperor appointed a Privy Envoy or a palace envoy to be in charge of the guard institution,the serviceable institution is either Xuan Hui Yuan or directly under the emperor.The third chapter is concerned with the Yuzhang organization's duty in the Liao Dynasty.The duties covered such aspects as guards,servants,military affairs,etiquette,diplomacy and so on.In terms of the duties of the guard,the emperor was guarded when he entered and left.In terms of the service,it maintained the daily life of the emperor,assisted him in dealing with affairs,and supervised the study of national history.On the military side,not only did the emperor's retinue go on a crusade to put down the rebellion,but he was also ordered to lead his own army into battle.Regarding the etiquette,the personnel of the Yuzhang organization in the Liao Dynasty would be to take part in some etiquette activities due to accompanying the emperor.In diplomacy,the personnel of the Yuzhang organization in the Liao Dynasty not only served as emissaries,but also played a certain role in receiving foreign envoys.The fourth chapter is about the selection,transfer,reward and punishment of the official group of the Yuzhang organization in Liao Dynasty.In the Liao Dynasty,the official group of the Yuzhang organization was divided into Fu Xin Bu,Pi Shi Xiang Wen,the executive emperor security agency,Hu Wei,Hu Wei Tai Bao,the Suzhi officials,Zhi Hou Lang Jun Xiang Wen,Zhi Hou Lang Jun and Lang Jun of the Bureau,Xiao Di,etc.And the origin,selection,transfer,reward and punishment of these official groups are discussed in detail.The official group of the the Yuzhang organization were mainly from Khitan people,mostly from the imperial family,the descendants,and a few from Kumoxi.Their selection and appointment were mainly reflected in whether they are favored by the emperor or not,whether they are persons of merit or not,and their physical and cultural qualities are required.In the transfer aspect,they can be promoted to the slaughter executive,serves as the palace envoy,the local military and political chief and so on.The rewards of the official group in the Yuzhang organization mainly manifested in promotion of official positions,rewards of property,etc.,and most of the punishment methods were demotion or execution.The fifth chapter discusses the characteristics and influence of the Yuzhang system in Liao Dynasty.On the basis of the ethnic characteristics of Khitan people,and under the influence of the system in the Central Plain Dynasty,the Yuzhang system developed continuously,and the ethnic characteristics of its official group was relatively unitary.The influence of this system on the political situation was like a“Double-edged sword”,either to protect the emperor's safety,mainly in subduing rebellions,or to kill the emperor,largely in rebellion.Their official groups also widely participated in the military war,escorted the emperors to go on punitive expeditions everywhere,and opening up the territory of the Liao Dynasty.Regards to the Conclusion,this paper reviews the evolution,summarizes the basic situation,expounds the historical position and influence of the Yuzhang system in Liao Dynasty,and probes into the influence of the Yuzhang system in Liao Dynasty on the regime of Bei Jiang.