| As a vital ideological and cultural masterpiece in the early Western Han Dynasty of China,"Huainanzi" has extensive and profound content and far-reaching will.It not only has high literary,historical and ideological value,but also truly reflects the language features of the early Western Han Dynasty and has important linguistic value.Previous studies mostly focus on the collation,literature,thought and other aspects of "Huainanzi" but linguistic exploration is not the focus of research yet.The existing achievements in linguistics of "Huainanzi" include phonology,parts of speech,word formation and so forth.On the basis of other people's research,this paper uses the theory of lexical semantics to sort out the synonyms of monosyllabic notional words in of "Huainanzi",and exhaustively sums up 412 groups of monosyllabic notional synonyms.Among them,there are 127 groups of nouns,218 groups of verbs and 67 groups of adjectives.On this basis,this paper mainly completes the following research.Firstly,This paper tries to find out the typical use cases of all monosyllabic nouns,verbs and adjectives synonyms in Huainanzi after conducting the structural grouping of them.127 groups of nouns,218 groups of verbs and 67 groups of adjectives are discriminated in detail,following the principle of "the same meaning",and further studies the similarities and differences in semantics,grammar and pragmatics of the synonymous categories of nouns,verbs and adjectives.Synonym discrimination is an important part of synonymy,which is a summative task about the distinguishing features of synonyms on the basis of "determination of structural grouping".The discrimination of synonyms of monosyllabic notional words in Huainanzi is pulled out in two stages in this paper.The first step is to carry out the preliminary discrimination of 412 groups of synonyms of monosyllabic notional words while conducting the structural grouping of them.The second step is to discriminate synonyms of monosyllabic nouns,verbs and adjectives in Huainanzi in detail from the perspective of semantic,grammatical and pragmatic based on the preliminary discrimination.Namely,the actual differences among synonym members in Huainanzi are discriminated within frameworks of semantics,grammar and pragmatics.Secondly,it summarizes the general situation and characteristics of monosyllabic notional word synonyms in "Huainanzi",that is,on the basis of full description and discrimination of monosyllabic notional word synonyms in "Huainanzi",it summarizes the general situation and characteristics of monosyllabic notional word synonyms in"Huainanzi".The purpose of studying synonyms in bibliography is to present the the overall perspective of synonyms in the bibliography,as well as to accurately explain its meaning.This paper shows the profile of synonyms in Huainanzi from the aspects of data statistics,synonym types and synonym semantic distribution.412 groups of synonyms of monosyllabic notional words with a total of 1223 words are found in Huainanzi,among of which,127 groups with a total of 353 words are nouns,accounting for 31%of the total number of the three categories,218 groups with a total of 695 words are verbs,accounting for 53%of the total number of the three categories,and 67 groups with a total of 175 words are adjectives,accounting for 16%of the total number of the three categories.Judged by whether the common seemed of each group of synonyms is its literal sense or its derived meaning this paper divides the synonyms of monosyllabic notional words in Huainanzi into three categories:synonyms with the same literal sense,synonyms with the same derived meaning,and synonyms with the same derived meaning and literal sense?Among them,the latter two are more common ones.It can be seen that it is the development of semantic extension that makes monosyllabic words in Huainanzi have the same meaning.The paper also tries to classify the synonyms of nouns,verbs and adjectives according to semantic categories,thus finding that almost various logical semantic types are included in Huainanzi based on the semantic distribution of synonyms of monosyllabic notional words,so it is rather extensive and complex.This paper analyzes and summarizes the synonyms of monosyllabic notional words in Huainanzi from various aspects,such as the synonym relationship format,the frequency difference of synonym phrase members,and the disyllabic words are formed by series synonyms used.The relational formats of synonyms of monosyllabic notional words in Huainanzi are rather clear,and the common relational formats are series synonyms used,pair of synonyms used,and interchanges synonyms used.Each member of the synonym group in Huainanzi has different use frequencies accordingly,and their status in a synonym group are also unequal.The difference in the frequency of use of each member of the synonym group in Huainanzi indicates an imbalance of each member in the lexical aggregation system.In addition,although this paper focused its studies on the synonyms of monosyllabic notional words in Huainanzi,disyllabic words formed by series synonyms used are also found in Huainanzi,and most of combinations are in form of parataxis.In addition,in terms of the significance of this study,it is useful to the compilation and revision of Chinese dictionaries.Based on the research results of synonyms of monosyllabic notional words in Huainanzi,this paper makes timely corrections to some cases of lagging documentary evidence and missing meaning items in the Great Chinese Dictionary,therein among which 119 cases are lagging documentary evidence and 19 cases are missing separation of meanings.Thirdly,10 groups of synonyms are selected from the synonym phrases of monosyllabic notional words in "Huainanzi",and a simple synchronic and diachronic comparative study is made on these 10 groups of synonyms.At the same time,the synonyms of monosyllabic notional words in "Huainanzi" are compared with those in modern Chinese.Synonyms in ancient Chinese are featured with epochal character and their meanings keep change with the development of the times.Therefore,the synonymous relationship between words will constantly develop and change.This paper chooses 10 groups of synonyms from 412 groups of synonyms and conducts the statistical analysis on the usage of each member of each group of synonyms in "The Book of Songs","Analects of Confucius","Mencius","Hanfeizi","Historical Records","Lun Heng","History of Han","The Annals of San Guo",and "A New Account of Tales of The World",etc.On this basis,it further makes a diachronic comparative study of each group of synonyms,discusses and analyzes their characteristics and development,and reveals the diachronic development and similarities and differences of each group of synonyms from Pre-Qin to Southern and Northern Dynasties.Finally,compared the synonyms in Huainanzi with those in modern Chinese,it is found that only a small part of synonyms in Huainanzi have been used in modern Chinese with their meanings remaining unchanged,while nearly half of the synonyms in Huainanzi are no longer in use now.Although this paper tries to make an exhaustive study of the synonym relationship of monosyllabic content words in Huainanzi,there are still many improvements to be made due to the limitation of theoretical level,energy and time.In the future,we can further study the diachronic study and theory of monosyllabic content words in Huainanzi. |
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