Research On The Anti-Fascist Resistance Movement In Czechoslovakia (1938-1945)

As an important part of Anti fascist European Resistance Movement,Czechoslovakia Anti fascist Resistance Movement played an important role in the process of overthrowing fascist rule and realizing National Independence and National Liberation.Driven by many historical and domestic reasons before World War II,Nazi Germany coveted Czechoslovakia for a long time.Taking advantage of Britain and France's mentality of seeking peace and avoiding war and the weakness of other anti Nazi forces,Nazi Germany constantly put forward territorial claims against Czechoslovakia and created many crises,including the Munich incident,which marked the peak of Appeasement policy,and even in March 1939 Then it was dismembered and the establishment of the protectorate of Bohemia Moravia and the "Independent State" of Slovakia was fostered.In order to carry out the strategies and tactics formulated before the war,Nazi Germany carried out two different ruling modes in the two countries.On the whole,fascist enslaved and controlled the protectorate far more than the "Independent State".In the face of Nazi Germany's invasion and rule,the Czech nation's willingness to resist fascism was obviously stronger than that of the Slovakia nation.In the process of the rise and development of the Resistance Movement,two important leading cores appeared in Czechoslovakia:the Czech government in exile headed by Edvard Benes and the Czech Communist Central Committee transferred to the Soviet Union.However,their leadership was not born,but was established through their own unremitting efforts and the support of the international community in the overall development process of World War II.Specifically,the reason why the Czech government in exile can establish its prestige among the Czechoslovakia People is closely related to the nearly two-year and tortuous game between Benes and Britain.The establishment of the leadership of the Czech Communist Party was not smooth sailing,and even suffered a major setback in the drastic changes in the Soviet German relations.However,with the support and help of the Soviet Union,it was finally recognized by the Czechoslovakia People at home and abroad.In the process of and after the establishment of the leading positions of the two leading cores,the Czech and Slovakia nationalities organized or spontaneously launched a Resistance Movement of various forms and scales,mainly including Cultural Resistance,Armed Resistance and other activities such as demonstrations and strikes.Cultural Resistance is mainly based on the Czechoslovak Peoprle's own cultural factors to resist the cultural aggression of the German nation,defend their own cultural characteristics,and firmly fight back against fascism.Armed Resistance,including"operation ape",Slovak National Uprising and Prague uprising,is the "strongest voice"of Czech and Slovakia National Resistance to Fascism,which highlights their strong hatred and anger towards fascism.In addition,they also destroyed the foundation of fascist rule in factories,streets,railways and other public places by means of demonstrations,slowdowns,strikes and hiding food.During the anti fascist movement which lasted for nearly ten years,influenced by many factors such as history,geopolitics,war process and so on,Britain,the United States and the Soviet Union carried out different policies at different stages.The British policy was divided into three stages,which were the French defeat in June 1940 and the outbreak of the Soviet German war in June 1941.In March 1939,when Czechoslovakia was dismembered again and the war between Poland and Germany broke out,the United States carried out policies of high indifference,moral support and diplomatic support.The Soviet Union,on the other hand,took the Munich Incident and the outbreak of the Soviet German war as the dividing points and adopted the attitude of diplomatic support,opposition,prohibition and positive support to the Czechoslovakia People.Their policies had an important and far-reaching impact on the characteristics,scale and final outcome of the Resistance Movement in Czechoslovakia,and even determined the process of national independence and national liberation.The Resistance Movement,which spread widely and lasted a long time,was of great significance to the Czechoslovak Communist Party,which made it fully trained,expanded and consolidated its mass base,and significantly enhanced its political strength and international status after the war.At the same time,the Soviet-Czech relations were rapidly established in this process and further consolidated through various cooperation after the war.In this context,Czechoslovakia then went to the socialist road through the"February Incident",opening up a new journey for Czechoslovakia.Of course,the revenge anger aroused by the Czechoslovakia People in the Resistance Movement did not subside immediately with the end of World War II,but continued to vent to the foreign people with the German nation as the main body after the war,creating a far-reaching national cleansing incident.Compared with the Resistance Movement of other countries,the Resistance Movement of Czechoslovakia shows two obvious characteristics:regional imbalance and infiltration of foreign forces.The study of the Czechoslovak Resistance Movement can reflect the spirit of the people of small countries against fascism during World War II.To a certain extent,it can highlight the powerful force of the people in order to oppose alien rule,pursue national independence and national liberation,safeguard human rights,freedom and equality.