| The Anti-Fascist resistance movement of Czechoslovakia refers to the movement that all the Czech and Slovakian social forces and people fight against the Fascist occupiers and its accomplices at home and abroad during the Second World War.It contains open and secret,positive and negative forms of struggle.Based on the archives and research of the Anti-Fascist resistance movements of Czechoslovakia at home and abroad,along with the relevant information collected,this article attempts to conduct a study of the Czechoslovak Anti-Fascist resistance movement during the period from September 1938 to May 1945.This article is divided into three parts:introduction,text,and conclusion.The introduction mainly introduces the significance of the topic and the status of research at home and abroad,research methods,innovation,etc.The text is divided into four chapters,and the conclusion part.The conclusion part analyzes the characteristics and influence of the Anti-Fascist resistance movement in Czechoslovakia from September 1938 to May 1945.The first chapter mainly discusses Germany's invasion and occupation of Czechoslovakia.Hitler together with Konrad Henlein,leader of the Sudeten German Party,used the ethnic contradiction between the Germans in the Sudetenland and the Prague government,made the Sudeten crisis.Britain and France pursued a policy of appeasement,sacrificed the interests of Czechoslovakia,and signed the "Munich Agreement" with Germany.After occupying Sudeten,Hitler together with Jozef Tiso,leader of the Hlinka People's Party,planned a similar independent event in Slovakia.President Hacha went to Berlin to seek a change,but was forced to sign an agreement which agrees to establish a Protectorate,On March 16,1939,Hitler formally announced the establishment of the protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia.On the same day,at the request of the Tiso government,Hitler sent troops to Slovakia and established the Slovak Republic,it's actually a puppet regime.Both military and diplomatic powers are in the hands of Germany.Germany has intensified its exploitation and assimilation of Czechoslovakia in economic,political and ethnic areas,and brought untold sufferings to the people of Czechoslovakia.The second chapter mainly discusses the situation of the Anti-Fascist resistance movement in Czechoslovakia at the emergence stage.After occupied by Germany,there formed two major resistance centers in Czechoslovakia,including the communist party of Czechoslovakia in Moscow and the Czechoslovak government-in-exile in London.The Czechoslovak government-in-exile headed by Benes actively seeks international recognition of its legitimacy and continuity.On the other hand,Benes led the resistance activities of the domestic democratic forces through the Central Leadership of Home Resistance,while the Three kings undertook other tasks such as liaison with foreign countries,intelligence gathering,and so on.The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia established a central committee headed by Gottwald in Moscow and established a leadership center for underground resistance movements in the country to lead the resistance movement.The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia initiated active resistance at the beginning,but it was later influenced by the Communist International and change its policy.The Anti-Fascist resistance movement in this period was dominated by the spontaneous passive resistance of the people,such as strike,sabotage,etc.The demonstrations on the Independence Day of the Republic on October 28,1939,performed particularly well.The third chapter mainly discusses the development stage of Anti-Fascist resistance movement in Czechoslovakia.The outbreak of the Soviet-German war makes war situation changes,the victory of the battle of Stalingrad,and a series of campaigns to promote fundamental changes to the war situation.The Czechoslovak government in exile and the Soviet Union signed the Treaty of Friendship,Mutual Assistance and Post-War Co-operation between the Czechoslovak Republic and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.Under this influence,the two major resistance leadership centers temporarily put down the confrontation and established the national front.Resistance is affected by the war has entered a stage of great development.The struggle for negative resistance is more organized and planned,and the scale is also more powerful.The struggle for armed resistance has risen to the dominant position in the resistance movement,and there have been more guerrilla struggles led by the Communist Party.The main contribution of the government in exile lies in the assassination of Reinhard Heydrich,but this caused the Nazis to retaliate.However,the Nazi's revenge led to a temporary downturn in the resistance movement,but it quickly developed again.The fourth chapter mainly discusses the decisive stage of the Anti-Fascist resistance movement of Czechoslovakia.During this stage,the Soviet launched the summer offensive against Germany,and entered the territory of Czechoslovakia in August.The resistance movement entered the final decisive stage.The slovak people started the Slovak national uprising in August 1944,which,despite the tragic cost,failed in the Nazi suppression and was eventually liberated with the help of the Soviet army.By April 1945,in the east,the Soviet army had liberated the entire territory of Slovakia and most of Moravia,continue fighting against the last Germans forces;In the west,the Allies forces advanced to the west of the Czech republic,and in May 1945,liberated western Bohemia.The people of the Czech republic launched the Prague uprising,which was finally won on May 9,In cooperation with the Soviet Union.After the liberation of Slovakia,the People's Front Government was established in Kosice.Then,through a series of decrees,Czechoslovakia has launched a national cleansing against Germans in the country and the traitors who had cooperated with Nazi.At the end of this chapter,the author analyzes the characteristics and influence of the Anti-Fascist resistance movement in Czechoslovakia during this period. |
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