Research On Marx's Cultural Philosophy And Its Practical Significance

In the context of globalization,culture is playing an ever increasingly prominent role in social development as well as in building a community of a shared future for mankind.Cultural exchanges and cultural conflicts are important factors affecting political,economic and social development worldwide.The contemporary world becomes,to some extent,the world of culture.Therefore,the study of Carl Marx's cultural philosophy is of great significance both in theory and in practice.Although the absence of "cultural words" in Marx's Works is a fact,it should not be the reason to ignore and deny Marx's systematic cultural philosophy.First of all,the reason why Marx rarely used the word "culture" in his Works should be analyzed on the basis of the theoretical background and practical situation he was in.In theory,it was to draw a clear line with the concept of "Cultural History" in his era In practice,it was to guide the proletarian workers in the workers' movement,so as to help workers keep a clear mind and avoid being affected by various idealistic view of history.Because of the above mentioned reasons Marx and Engels were very cautious about or may even deliberately avoid using the concept of "culture".As for why we should study Marx's cultural philosophy today,there are several reasons.First of all,globalization makes cultural problems increasingly prominent,and cultural exchanges and conflicts in the world are important factors affecting political,economic and social development.Secondly,with the advent of Western consumer society,especially when rational enlightenment has gone to its opposite,people's freedom is shackled.People's constant reflection on cultural issues has also prompted Marxist scholars to study contemporary cultural issues from the perspective of Marx's cultural philosophy.Third,as some scholars who have theoretical prejudice against Marxism put forward such biased views as "de-emphasizing Marxism" and"de-mainstream ideology",we must respond to such dominant western ideological discourse represented by "global discourse" and "universal values".And the primary premise of the response is "returning to Marxism" and having a complete and rigorous mastery of Marx's theory.Fourth,with the development of China's market economy,although it is already a large economy in terms of productivity,the entertainment,commercialization and vulgarization of culture cannot completely match the powerful spiritual power required by the comprehensive deepening of the reform.In the process,the construction of cultural homeland is an important topic that cannot be ignored.Therefore,to "return" to Marxism and use Marx's cultural philosophy to provide corresponding theoretical guidance and direction for China's current cultural construction is a necessary and important aspect of current Marxist theoretical research.Fifth,according to Xi Jinping's speech at the 2016 Symposium on Philosophy and Social science,a methodological basis must be provided for the development of philosophy and social science with Chinese characteristics.Today when constructing the discourse system for Chinese philosophy and social science in the global culture so as to improve China's cultural soft power,we need to strengthen the guidance of Marxist theory,and continue to carry out researches on Marx's cultural philosophy.Through a systematic review of the current research situation,the following characteristics and difficulties are presented:First of all,more and more scholars accept the research method of "returning to Marxism" and start to reread and interpret Marx's cultural philosophy based on the original text;Secondly,domestic scholars are still weak at the study on the correlation between the cultural thoughts of the thinkers before Marx and the cultural thoughts of the founders of Marxism.Thirdly,in terms of research methods,the author appreciates the text interpretation method adopted by most scholars,and believes that it is necessary to carry out systematic and comprehensive researches based on classical texts.The author also contends that we need to illustrate its value based on full interpretation of the original texts and the characteristics of contemporary times,instead of only understanding and interpreting Marx's cultural philosophy from texts.Marx and Engels were not born with a historical materialistic cultural outlook.Actually they experienced a transition from Idealism to Historical Materialism.After the establishment of Historical Materialism,they developed and perfected their cultural philosophy with high cultural consciousness.The thoughts of Kant,Hegel and F euerbach have all played an important role in the formation of Marx's cultural philosophy.In addition,the rise of the proletarian workers' movement is also an important practical situation that cannot be ignored.Although Marx's cultural philosophy are scattered in a large number of documents,the historical context and logical structure of Marx's cultural thoughts can be clarified by combing and analyzing Marx's classic works with the system theory and the deconstruction theory."The Real Man" is the starting point of Marx's cultural philosophy;the mode of material production is the realistic foundation;division of labor and communication are the source of Marx's cultural philosophy,and proletarian ideology is the logical axis;Marx's attention to "World History" and his notes on anthropology in his later years reflect his cultural criticism of modernity.From the macroscopic perspective of human history,Marx criticized the linear historical determinism and pointed out the diversity of human social and cultural choices and the development path of human history.As for determining the status and role of culture in social development,Marx always stressed the decisive role of economic foundation in culture.He also noticed the relative independence and reaction of culture(social consciousness).While creating culture,people are also consciously shaping themselves with culture.The progress of society is not only manifested in the development of productive forces and the accumulation of material wealth,but also in the progress of culture.The core and essence of cultural progress is the development of human beings,that is,the free and all-round development of human beings.Therefore,this paper follows the main line of "starting point of culture-its realistic foundation-logic axis-the initiative-diversity-ultimate goal" of culture,starting from "human" and finally returning to "human" itself.After such a systematic and complete elaboration,this paper finally settles on the cultural construction and development in the social reality of China,and explores the enlightenment of Marx's cultural philosophy on the construction of contemporary Chinese culture.The logical evolution of Chinese cultural construction follows the path of "traditional culture-revolutionary culture-advanced culture".The socialist cultural construction led by the Communist Party of China is always guided by Marxist theory.The construction of culture still takes Marx's cultural philosophy as its theoretical basis,and returns to Marx's ideological theory itself,probing the organic combination of Marx's cultural philosophy and the reality of Chinese cultural construction,and continuing to carry forward the socialist core values so as to enhance the cultural soft power,and the confidence of socialist culture.Based on the texts of Marx,this thesis combs,integrates and logically constructs the philosophical thoughts of Marxist philosophic thoughts from the perspective of culture and the philosophy of culture.This article highlights the cultural dimension of Marx's philosophy and his consistent concerns for human destiny and historical development,including human alienation,human value,the all-round development of human beings,cultural choice for human social development,the role of culture in the process of world history,and the relationship between national culture and world culture.This article also confirms the guiding status of Marx's cultural philosophy for contemporary human cultural issues.On this basis,it attempts to solve contemporary cultural problems with Marx's cultural philosophy,and promote the progress of culture and society,and finally realize the free and all-around development of human beings.