Research On The Knowledge Construction Of Media Discourse From The Perspective Of Concept Frames

The interdisciplinary development of media discourse studies reflects the integration of theory and method.Linguistic discourse analysis not only requires the creation,correction and fusion of methods,but also the interpretation of utterance meaning and the deconstruction of knowledge from the perspective of language use patterns and the users' cognitive structure.The study also demands the adoption the theoretical methods of journalism and communication so as to expand the research in breadth and depth.From 2013 to 2016 in Germany,there was a series of incidents of consumers buying up branded milk powder and causing the market to set up purchasing restrictions.The media reports and the audience' comments on the online news platform constitute news discourse.News discourse is the most typical form of“media discourse” and provides a channel for mining the discourse formation process of this event and the logic of its knowledge construction.According to the research on knowledge construction of media discourse in foreign research results,Van Dijk's Critical Discourse Analysis in a Social-cognitive Perspective proposes that shared social knowledge is the key condition for discourse expression and understanding.Wodak's Discourse-Historical Approach explores how the argumentation strategy can enhance the effect of discourse communication.German “Linguistic Discourse Analysis” focuses on knowledge construction in immigrant discourse.Warnke/Spitzmüller and Spie? have developed the multi-level analysis model of discourse respectively,Niehr proposed a more concise three-level analysis model of “keyword + metaphor + argumentation”.On this basis,Stein initially used the Concept Frames to investigate the knowledge structure involved in the concept of “integration”.Its limitation lies in the neglect of the analysis of the audience's text and the separation of Concept Frames analysis and Topoi analysis.The domestic research on media discourse analysis based on knowledge construction is still limited to theoretical introduction,such as Li Bin and others' introduction of DIMEAN and Li Yuan's introduction of Topoi Analysis.The multi-level discourse analysis model which takes Concept Frames as the main line to explore knowledge construction has not yet been established.The research of this paper has collected 87 reports and 855 comments(more than80,000 words)as corpus data and attempts to answer the following questions: First,how is discourse production in media discourse reconstructed through the perspective of Concept Frames,and how to construct the core concept frames on the basis of news discourse theme;Second,how are the concept frames used to analyze audience's discourse comprehension and reproduction process,and in the feedback to the media,which elements in the concept frames are the audience's activation and reproduction of social stock of knowledge;Third,how are the Concept Frames used as the main line to achieve the organic integration of various aspects of linguistic discourse analysis,so that the analysis of language use patterns can reflect the knowledge construction mechanism of media discourse.The first question and the second question constitute the main task of this study.Based on the theoretical basis and methodology,this paper makes an empirical analysis on the process of media discourse jointly constructed by the media and the audience,as well as the production and sharing process of social knowledge inventory.Finally,the knowledge construction mechanism of media discourse is revealed by combing the relationship between the Concept Frames,knowledge and discourse.The third question is related to the overall design of this study,which reflects the theoretical value of this study in exploring linguistic discourse analysis model.This paper first reviews the relevant theories of Linguistic Discourse Analysis(LDA)and Concept Frames,explains the complexity of the conceptual meaning of Discourse,summarizes the attributes of Discourse,defines the differences between Concept Frames and Media Frame/Framing,and proposes a knowledge construction analysis path linking knowledge and text/discourse with Concept Frames as a link.In addition,a working definition is proposed with regard to the concept of “knowledge” that is applicable to discourse research perspective.This paper uses the Lexis Nexis Academic database to search the “newspapers” category and Google search engine to search the corpus.The empirical analysis of linguistics in this paper produces the following main arguments and arguments:1)From the perspective of media discourse production,this paper sorts out the content of media news reports,especially analyzes the keywords and collocations of headlines,introductions,abstracts and captions reflecting news topics.We can sort out a series of vocabulary expressions related to the frame elements,and then construct the core Concept Frames of the media in the construction of news discourse.Taking the research findings of this paper as an example,through the analysis of the theme text database,the core Concept Frames of milk powder event is constructed as the event frame of “panic buying/purchase restriction”.The production logic and production results of media discourse are reconstructed with the clue of knowledge construction: Milk powder as an element of {goods} is related to the Chinese as{agent} element.Chinese people have dual identities of {agent} and {affected person}who are facing the purchase restriction.German parents,milk powder producers and sellers are all portrayed as the {affected} of the event.The market situation(shortage of supply)as an element of {situation} becomes the {consequence} and the {reason}of the implementation of the purchase restriction measures.By giving discourse actors the right to speak,the media fills in the gaps of {cause},{motivation},{necessary measures} and establishes the logical connection among the elements in the core Concept Frames by means of implicit argumentation.2)From the perspective of audience's discourse comprehension and reproduction,we examine the audience's feedback on the media's framing strategies through comparative case analysis.It explains how to use the elements of the Concept Frames to interpret the logic of audience's understanding and reproduction of media discourse.In other words,it sorts out the frame elements and their relevance for the audience's participation in the discourse through activation of social stock of knowledge,and the language usage patterns in the comment text database are sorted out,so as to present the interactive relationship between the media and the audience in knowledge construction.This paper finds that the relationship between {cause} and{consequence} elements in the event frame of “panic buying” leads to the audience's discussion on how producers should take responsibility in the market economy.The correlation between {cause} and {agent} elements leads to the audience's discussion on the issues of lactation obligation and human's basic rights,while the elements of{behavior motivation} and {necessary measures} in the event frame of “purchase restriction” lead to the audience's discussion on whether the purchase restriction involves discrimination.We can not only discover the sharing of social knowledge such as “daily consumption of family” and anti-discrimination law between the media and the audience,but also excavate the knowledge reproduction process of the audience's own mobilization of social knowledge such as milk powder substitution for breastfeeding,maternity leave rights protection and anti Islamization movement.3)Media discourse analysis with news reports as the main corpus can adopt the following steps to realize the organic combination of linguistic discourse analysis levels: firstly,taking the theme text database as the main body and cooperating with the retrieval and verification of the media text database,construct the core Concept Frames at the lexical level of linguistic discourse analysis,and conduct a more detailed logical examination of the framework elements in the way of deduction.Secondly,according to the core Concept Frames elements,this paper deconstructs the content of the specific text of news reports,presents the relationship between the vacancy of Concept Frames by visual means,compares and analyzes the media text and the audience text,and excavates the corresponding relationship between language use patterns such as metaphor and topoi and Concept Frames elements.In summary,the main innovation and research significance of the paper is to use the visualized Concept Frames as the main means to depict the media and audience's mobilization process of stocks of social knowledge,and in particular to discover how the audience can achieve knowledge sharing and reproduction in media discourse production in a way that is different from the media framing goals.On the other hand,with the Concept Frames as the main framework,it establishes the logical relationship between the analysis level of vocabulary,metaphor and topoi,and sets the discourse analysis path with knowledge as the main goal more clearly for media discourse research.It can make up for the shortcomings of the LDA-model,namely the lack of systematicity,and enable us to more deeply understand the social knowledge system and the reasoning model behind the media discourse of the western society.It will open up a new perspective and path for research on foreign media's public opinion on China.