Psychology And Behaviour Patterns By Self-concept Command

As a new angle of view and a new means to understand and study history, Psycho-History has opened up the field of vision and train of thought to the history study of China since the 1980's when it was accepted and used really by Chinese history field, and it has reaped rich studying fruits. The studying of the history of Chinese education by using Psycho-History has also displayed its value for the first time. But in the previous studies, there were also some problems such as indistinct concept, ambiguous category, unsuitable means and so on. The paper attempts from the angle of social psychology to construct a study paradigm based on social psychology's concept and category by analyzing and discussing of three educators, namely Cai Yuan-pei, Huang Yan-pei and Tao Xing-zhi, social psychology and behaviour patterns. Meanwhile, the paper wants to open up the field of vision and train of thought to the study of the history of Chinese education, to extend its understanding range and to strengthen it's vividness. The paper also hopes to provide some new reference and inspiration to contemporary Chinese education and educators.The paper consists of three parts. First part: Introduction (Chapter 1). In this part, the paper introduced simply some questions such as the meaning, studying field and developing trend of the Western Psycho-history by reviewing its history of origin and development The paper reviewed and summarized the characteristics and insufficiency of studies in Chinese history, the history of Chinese education and other relevant fields. On this basis, the paper put forward the proposition and the plan of studying.Second part: Analysis and study in detail of the social psychology and behaviour of Cai Yuan-pei, Huang Yan-pei and Tao Xing-zhi (Chapter 2, Chapter 3, Chapter 4). The paper discussed the relationship between the growing up course and their self-concept formation, their unique behavior patterns, their social cognition, social attitude and attributional styles, all these were based on the "anchoring heuristic" of their self-concept The paper proved the social psychology basis of three educators going to the road of "save the nation through education", analyzed their social cognition and attitude patterns to other people and their social psychology motive to take part in education practice, etc.Third part: Conclusion (Chapter 5). A study paradigm of Psycho-History based on social psychology theories was established. Its operation orders are as follows: Firstly, to define sample criterions and select objects; Secondly, to define the basic principles of selecting historical data dependent on the basic requirements of Psychology and History; Thirdly, to define specific studyfields and categories based on social psychology; Finally, to analyze specifically and get the conclusion dependent on study fields and categories that had been defined. The results showed: Firstly, on self-concept, Cai, Huang and Tao all pursued the Confucianist gentleman as their ideal-self, but due to different theoretic basis, their gentleman ideal-self had some differences. Cai Yuan-pei held that "advance in difficulty and retreat in ease" was gentleman. Huang Yan-pei maintained that "exterior flexibility and interior constancy" was also gentleman. Tao Xing-zhi believed in that only "earnest practice" was gentleman. Secondly, on social cognition, social attitude and attributional style, Cai, Huang and Tao had different social cognition and attitude because they were on different historical period, but they all showed the same attributional style that attribute the internal, unsteady and controlable factors to the problems of Chinese society. Just because of the attributional style that made three educators put their vision of saving the Chinese nation in peril through education. Thirdly, on behaviour orientation of "save the nation through education", three educators had their own educational stand and behaviour orientation because they had different growing up course and self-concept Cai Yuan-pei selected higher education based on his self-concept of "attaching importance to learning" and fixed his target of saving the nation through education and behaviour orientation on training "big scholars", to establish new style of study and new university system of democracy. He put forward educational stand of "liberal thinking" "tolerant to diversity". It was selected that save the nation through vocational education as the target and behaviour by Huang Yan-pei, who laid stress on learning from practical experience, because he had strong crisis feeling to existence of society and life and gave up the self-concept of "scholar beggar" who was trained by traditional education. Tao Xing-zhi, who was from the common people to the common people, chose finally to go into the masses as his target and behaviour orientation of save the nation through education and put forward educational stand of "life education", because he recognized deeply the significance of citizen quality to construct a republic. Fourthly, on the social cognition and attitude to other people, it was stressed that "attaching more importance to conduct than to words" as the basic criterion to choose and evaluate other people by Cai, Huang and Tao, based on gentleman as ideal self-concept But, due to different self-concept, they showed their unique style on "central trait" of form cognition and attitude to other people. "Learning" was the "central trait" to Cai Yuan-pei. It seemed to Huang Yan-pei, "simplicity and sincerity" were the "central traits". He also accepted the idea of "choosing friend is not as good as choosing advantage" from his self-concept of attaching importance to practice and learning from practice experience. Though Tao Xing-zhi also comprehended deeply "it is one's own disadvantage to neglect other's advantage", due to his cognition self was ideal self, it seemed to him, neither buffering and manoeuvre room, so "truth and...