| In 1989,the “China Farmers Tourism Association” was renamed “China Rural Tourism Association”,symbolizing the prologue of China's rural tourism industry.And with the increasing focus paid on the sannong issues,China's rural tourism,which becomes an important force to solve the problems,has been gradually developed and grown.On January 2,2018,“the State Council on the Implementation of the Strategy for Rural Revitalization” issued and clearly stated that “the implementation of leisure agriculture and rural tourism boutique projects”,which highlighting that rural tourism plays an important role in promoting the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy.Under the background of Socialism with Chinese characteristics,policies are the main driving force for the development of rural tourism.The healthy development of China's rural tourism cannot be inseparable from scientific and reasonable policy guidance and institutional arrangements.In the context of the rural revitalization strategy and the transformation and upgrading of rural tourism,the strengthening of rural tourism policy research has important guiding significance for the scientific development of policy practice,and is of great benefit to the promotion of high-quality development of rural tourism.At present,the research on rural tourism policy in the academic circle is still at the preliminary stage.The existing research mostly focuses on the experience introduction of foreign rural tourism policies,the description of special policy recommendations,and the single-dimensional evolution research of some policies in a short period of time.There is a lack of deeper theoretical exploration and empirical research of China's rural tourism policies.Based on this,this article positions the research theme on the macro evolution of rural tourism policy at the national level and the evaluation of the effectiveness of the grassroots policy implementation.Based on the macro data of 32 years of rural tourism policy of national level and the micro-data of the current implementation of China's rural tourism policy by questionnaire of 9 villages,the dissertation comprehensively uses multidisciplinary theories and methods such as public policy,management,and system dynamics to carry out relevant research.First of all,from a macro perspective,this dissertation conducts an in-depth analysis of the 532 China's rural tourism policy documents issued at the national level from 1989 to 2020 by qualitative and quantitative research methods to reveal the evolutionary laws and existing shortcomings of rural tourism policies.Then,the dissertation predicts and deducts the development trend of rural tourism policies by combining the current hot and difficult issues in the development of rural tourism.Based on this,the implementation enlightenment of rural tourism policies at the grassroots level is summarized;Secondly,based on policy process theory,policy implementation theory,and system theory,it discusses the basic implementation mechanism of rural tourism policy at the national level,and constructs the basic implementation theoretical framework of the “two dimensions-three subsystems” of rural tourism policy,that is,the grass-roots execution logic of “policy execution process-implementation” and the grass-roots operating mechanism of the dynamic cycle of the three subsystems of“policy supply-policy transformation-policy effects” with target as feedback;Third,based on the grassroots execution logic of rural tourism policy “execution process-execution result”,combined with policy implementation related theoretical models,rural tourism policy text combing and rural tourism practice activities,the dissertation constructs a rural tourism policy implementation effectiveness evaluation index system with both a process view and a goal view;Fourth,on the basis of explaining the applicability of the system dynamics method in detail,in accordance with the system dynamics modeling steps and ideas and the basic operation of the dynamic cycle of the three subsystems of “policy supply-policy transformation-policy effect” with target as feedback,the dissertation constructs a quantitative model for dynamic evaluation of the implementation effectiveness of rural tourism policies;Fifth,the dissertation conducts empirical research from a microscopic perspective with 9 key rural tourism villages in Henan Province as case sites using the aforementioned theories and models.Based on the datas obtained from the tourism authorities,executive departments,grassroots organizations,and rural tourism operations of the 9 key rural tourism villages in the country,the dissertation carrys out simulation analysis under current conditions and scenario simulation under indicator optimization on the effectiveness of the implementation of rural tourism policies.Finally,according to the empirical analysis results of policy macro-evolution and policy micro-implementation effectiveness evaluation,it explores the optimization path and strategy of rural tourism policy to provide theoretical guidance and reference for improving the effectiveness of rural tourism policy supply and implementation.The research conclusions of this article are as follows:(1)The evolution of rural tourism policies in the past 32 years shows that the number and structure of rural tourism policies match the characteristics of the development of rural tourism,and to a certain extent reflect the government's willoriented;and that with the development of rural tourism,the level of the main body of related policies is gradually rising,the publishing department is becoming more diversified,and the policy leadership and coordination are continuously enhanced;and that the content system of the rural tourism policy of is gradually improved,and the system structure of guidance,support,guarantee,and regulation which guide macroscopically and support microscopically have been formed,but there are still“policy holes” in the specific implementation of policies that are unable to fully cover the current elements of rural tourism development;and that from 1989 to 2020,the goal orientation of China's rural tourism policy has experienced such trajectory of change: expansion of domestic demand in the policy dependency stage,increase in farmers' economic income in the initial stage,development of rural economy in the“Eleventh Five-Year” period,and improving the living environment in rural areas in the “Twelfth Five-Year” period,the coordinated development of rural economy,society and ecology during the “Twelfth Five-Year” period in the policy refinement stage.(2)Based on the 32-year evolution law and development trend of China's rural tourism policy,the basic implementation enlightenment revealed by the national rural tourism policy evolution is obtained: First,the increase in the operational types and the characteristics of the hierarchical structure of rural tourism policies indicate that the implementation of rural tourism policy will inevitably show the characteristics of vertical transmission and network linkage between the central and local governments.Secondly,the diversified characteristics of the main body of rural tourism policy is a metaphor for the need for cross-departmental coordination in the implementation of rural tourism policy;thirdly,the content system of rural tourism policy such as guiding policies,supporting policies,guarantee policies,and regulatory policies gradually refined and conveyed that the implementation of rural tourism policy requires the joint support and guarantee of institutional mechanisms,human,financial and other resources;finally,the realization of policy objectives depends on the smooth progress of rural tourism practice activities,and the comprehensive objectives of economic,social and ecological of rural tourism policy are decomposed into detailed objectives of rural tourism development and protection,industry and operation,rights and welfare according to the specific practices of rural tourism development.(3)The implementation of rural tourism policy is a complex system.The basic implementation theoretical framework of “two dimensions(execution processexecution result)-three subsystems(policy supply-policy transformation-policy effect)”of national-level rural tourism policy constructed in this article can provides theoretical guidance for its grassroots implementation practice.Firstly,the implementation effectiveness evaluation index system with both process view(23indicators of policy implementation influencing factors)and goal view(14 indicators of policy implementation target achievement)is constructed based on the grassroots execution logic of the rural tourism policy.the implementation effectiveness evaluation index system not only echoes the focus on the implementation process in the policy implementation theory,but also responds to the actual needs of the effective implementation of the policy function to test the target evaluation.It can provide a feasible way for the objective evaluation of the implementation process and effects of the rural tourism policy.Secondly,the quantitative model for the dynamic evaluation of rural tourism policy implementation effectiveness is constructed based on the basic operation mechanism of the dynamic cycle of the three subsystems of“policy supply-policy transformation-policy effect” based on the goal as feedback,which provides quantitative template for the dynamic evaluation of rural tourism policy implementation effectiveness.(4)The research object and method characteristics of system dynamics are very consistent with the complex system characteristics and data status of rural tourism policy implementation,which provides method support for the evaluation of rural tourism policy implementation effectiveness.The operating state of the rural tourism policy implementation system is affected by the coupling of multiple factors,and the complex interaction between multiple factors is nonlinear,which is consistent with the research object of system dynamics.The system dynamics method has the advantages of data processing,system interpretation and dynamic simulation of implementation effects,which fits the inherent properties of difficult data acquisition,intricate relationships among influencing factors,and dynamic monitoring of implementation effects of rural tourism policy implementation effectiveness evaluation research.The causality diagram drawn for the three subsystems and the overall system qualitatively describe the mutual influence relationship between various indicators;the flow diagram for rural tourism policy implementation system dynamics constructed quantitatively evaluates the implementation effectiveness of the rural tourism policy in the study area.(5)The implementation of rural tourism policies in Henan Province is relatively good.The dissertation carrys out an empirical evaluation of the effectiveness of the implementation of rural tourism policies in Henan Province under current conditions and an scenario simulation under the overall indicator adjustment and the single indicator adjustment scheme in the policy supply subsystem or policy transformation subsystem with the above-mentioned theories and models and a total of 291 valid questionnaires datas from 9 key rural tourism villages in Henan Province.The simulation results show that,the effectiveness of the rural tourism policy implementation in Henan Province has gradually increased with the passage of time during the simulation period;the index optimization in the single policy supply subsystem or transformation subsystem can all effectively promote the implementation of the rural tourism policy,and the promotion effect on the implementation of the rural tourism policy is greater when the overall indicators of the two subsystems are optimized at the same time,and the higher the adjustment range,the more obvious the promotion effect;the same degree of optimization of each single indicator in the subsystem are differences in the range of promotion to the subsystem and the overall system.The research and findings provide a more important enlightenment for the optimization of rural tourism policies under the background of rural revitalization strategies.Tourists' increasingly paying attention to and pursuing healthy and green tourism products in the post-epidemic era,forcing rural tourism to focus on product supply and ecological environment,which forcing reform and innovation in terms of product supply,ecological environment and management mechanism.This reform and innovation requires not only the high-level leadership of the supply side of rural tourism policy,but also the local transformation of rural tourism policy governance efficiency,and the gradual guidance and feedback of the implementation target system of rural tourism policy.This dissertation proposes the following three optimization strategies: first,optimize the quality of rural tourism policy supply by enhancing the academic rationality of rural tourism policy argumentation,the adequacy of rural tourism policy argumentation,the institutionalized supply of rural tourism policy,and the synergy of coordination of policy tools;second,optimize the rural tourism policy conversion efficiency by improving the system and resource guarantee of policy conversion,optimizing the structure of policy implementation subjects,and increasing the participation of target groups;third,optimize the dynamic adjustment and optimization of rural tourism policies,that is,the government should make overall plans and integrate multiple regulations in the top-level design,deepen reforms and improve decision-making in policy coordination,integrate funds and make breakthroughs in key points in fund mobilization,and make overall plans in the distribution of benefits,giving priority to farmers.The innovations of this dissertation are as follows: first,it breaks through the limitations of the existing rural tourism policy research on short-term small sample evolution,carries out a diachronic and multi-dimensional policy text quantitative research on China's 32-year rural tourism policy documents based on big data thinking,based on which,it reveal the law of policy evolution,deduce the policy development trend,and obtain the enlightenment of the grassroots implementation of the national-level policy;second,it makes up for the insufficiency of the existing rural tourism policy implementation problem research,and construct the rural tourism policy basic implementation theoretical framework of “two dimensions(execution process-implementation result)-three subsystem(police supply-policy transformationpolicy effect)” and a rural tourism policy implementation effectiveness evaluation index system with both a process view and a goal view,which provides a more scientific and complete theoretical basis for objectively evaluating the implementation process and implementation effect of rural tourism policies;third,it avoids the reduction of the interpretation of complex causal relations in traditional statistical methods,exploratorily constructs a quantitative model for the dynamic evaluation of the effectiveness of rural tourism policy implementation with system dynamics related theories and methods,and achieve the simulation analysis in current situation of rural tourism policy implementation and scenario simulation under indicator optimization in the study area. |
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