Inheritance Of Dharma Lineage And Historical Narratives Of Jingshan

Jingshan is now located in Jingshan Town,Yuhang District,Hangzhou City,and has been under the jurisdiction of Yuhang County since the Tang Dynasty.During the reign of Emperor Daizong of the Tang Dynasty,Guo Yi Chan Master Faqin opened a monastery.Ever since then,Jingshan Temple has gradually gained prominence in the region.In the 6^th year of Qianfu(879 AD)of Emperor Xizong of the Tang Dynasty,it was renamed“Qianfu Zhenguo Temple”.During the Dazhongxiangfu years of Emperor Zhenzong of the Song Dynasty,it was renamed“Chengtian Buddhist Temple”.In the7^th year of Zhenghe(1117 AD)of Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty,it was renamed“Nengren Buddhist Temple”.During the reign of Emperor Xiaozong of the Song Dynasty,it was renamed“Xingsheng Wanshou Buddhist Temple”,which had been used until the Ming and Qing Dynasties.Even in the Song Dynasty,Jingshan already ranked first in the“Five Mountains and Ten Temples”of Buddhism.In the Ming Dynasty,it became one of the inscription locations of the Jiaxing Canon and occupied an important status in the development of Buddhism.Before the entry of Buddhist forces,Jingshan was in a local society centering on the dragon-god worship.During the Northern and Southern Dynasties,the Maoshan School of Taoism was the first to enter the region,incorporating Tianmu Mountain into its system of“cave heaven and blessed region”.Buddhist forces came relatively late,with Buddhism operating in Jingshan for a long time after Guo Yi Chan Master came to open a monastery in the Dali years of the Tang Dynasty.During the Southern Song Dynasty,thanks to the patronage of the Song emperor,Jingshan started to rank first among the“Five Mountains and Ten Temples”,while the monks of Jingshan Temple also took advantage of their relationship with the imperial power to actively participate in politics.However,after the Yuan Dynasty,with the shift of the political center,the political status and influence of Jingshan gradually declined.By the middle of the Ming Dynasty,Jingshan was in a state of“decline”.In the late Ming Dynasty,with the inscription of the Jiaxing Canon and the participation of the gentry,Jingshan was revived.Meanwhile,the gentry also actively participated in the writing of the history of Jingshan,and different versions of Jingshan Annals came into being.The early dharma lineage of Jingshan underwent two changes.Firstly,the southward shift of the activity center of the Niutou Sect of Buddhism.Secondly,the shift from Niutou Sect to Hongzhou Chan.During the two shifts in the lineage,the monastic lineage system was also gradually established at Jingshan.When the monks of the Hongzhou Chan lineage operated in Jingshan for a long time,Jingshan became a monastery of the“appointment-based system”.However,due to the intervention of the official power of the Song Dynasty,Jingshan was changed into a“seniority-based system”monastery in the fifth year of Yuanyou(1090 AD).Subsequently,the Song Dynasty moved to the south,so Jingshan received the patronage of the Southern Song emperors and royal court dignitaries.Though Jingshan appeared to practice the“seniority-based system”,its dharma lineage was basically that of Yuanwu Keqin lineage,Yangqi School,Linji Sect.Under the surface of the“seniority-based system”of Jingshan,various monks of great virtue used the platform of Jingshan to develop their own sphere of influence.During this period,a multi-layered network of monasteries with different levels of affinities was established,which centered on Jingshan and expanded layer by layer,thus expanding the influence of Jingshan.From the Yuan Dynasty to the early Ming Dynasty,against the background of the shift in the political center,on the one hand,Jingshan tried to maintain relations with the imperial court.Many monks maintained contact with the imperial court and had a certain influence on the royal court.However,the personal influence of these monks did not bring political advantages to Jingshan.On the other hand,Jingshan turned to local areas.The monks of the Gao Feng Yuan Miao lineage developed further into the area of Tianmu Mountain and expanded the scope of the teachings of Jingshan.In this process,the local large families got actively involved,providing capital to establish new monasteries for the monks.By the early Ming Dynasty,the biggest financial support for the revival of Jingshan was provided by Ge Derun of the Wujiang Ge clan.Local officials,local big clans,and scholars gradually replaced the imperial power and royal court dignitaries to become main supporters of Jingshan.The period from the Yuan Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty was a process for the center of Jingshan to shift to local society.From the Song Dynasty to the late Ming Dynasty,the evolution of the history of Jingshan and the generation of its historical narratives were interdependent.In general,the historical narratives of Jingshan presented a“pluralistic”and“uninterrupted”historical feature.The so-called“pluralism”refers to the fact that the subjects of the historical narratives of Jingshan came from different identities,namely monks,local officials,and gentry,who all got involved.And“uninterrupted”means that the historical narratives of Jingshan started from Li Zhao in the Northern Song Dynasty and lasted until the late Ming Dynasty.In particular,the late Ming Dynasty was a prosperous period for the historical narration of Jingshan.The monk Zheng Fan re-inscribed the Jingshan Collections of the monk Zong Jing.The local official Gao Zexun compiled Jingshan Annals.In the Yuhang County Annals in Wanli years,Jingshan Annals was singled out as an independent volume.The gentry Song Kuiguang compiled the Jingshan Annals and Zhang Zhicai also compiled the Jingshan Annals.Behind each historical narrative of Jingshan was a reflection of the different wishes of monks,local officials,and gentry under different historical backgrounds.According to the different narrative subjects,these Jingshan historical narratives also present different historical landscapes such as Buddhist local annals,local annals,and mountain&river annals.