From The Truth Of Being To The Truth Of Constitution ——An Approach To The Resolution Of Truth Paradox In Hermeneutics

As we know,truth is the crucial point in philosophy,which not only investigates what is the truth,but makes clear what the nature it is.Most of philosophers prefer to the theory of correspondence,the theory of coherence,and the theory of pragmatics.Although these theories illustrate the idea of truth partially,but cannot immune from the critique from Cristina Lafont,such as "On the one hand,there is a detranscendentalization of the constitution of meaning...On the other hand,there is also a preservation of the conceptual apparatus of transcendental philosophy(that is,of the constitutor/constituted dichotomy that arises from its foundationalist strategy)".That is,the arguments of truth always are defined by some aliened principles,which origin from human mind or other transcendent entities.All these principles use to be the disciplines on truth,and cause kinds of difficulties in the understanding of truth on earth.Although we merely have expected to talk about reliable truth,but the disciplinary conditions from epistemology,methodology,and metaphysics have imposed extra task upon philosophers,whose would not make certain of truth unless conceding on these disciplines.I must say that the immediately certain evidence in truth will be deprived of.By the cause,the paradox in theories of truth emerges as the connection between two opposite items,the one is "detranscendentalization" which manifests the intonation of truth in the movements of constitution;the other is"preservation of the conceptual apparatus of transcendental philosophy".The paper focus on the question of truth and keeps in the development of conceptual history at the same time.Initially it points out questions of truth in context of philosophical history and manifests the essence of the questions.Then it introduces the thoughts of Heidegger,Gadamer in turn and relates them with the thought of Ernst Tugendhat whose reasonability and validity will be turned out eventually.The development of the research on truth above determines that the truth thoughts of Heidegger should be considered as the foundation and prerequisite of successful investigations.As the prominent successor of Husserl's phenomenology,Heidegger creates an epitome in illuminating the phenomenological truth and plays a central role in the process of resolving the paradox of phenomenological truth.Whatever the attitudes you have,it should be recognized that Heidegger's expressions on truth is almost radical.He erases those unnecessarily transcendental factors and identifies phenomenological truth with Alethia(Erschlossenheit;disclosedness).The event of Aletheia consists in the correlations between the being and non-being,yes and no and so on,cancels the obstacles appeared and hidden,lets the Dasein and world interrelated and inter-recognized in the unintermitted going near each other.To illuminate the mechanism Aletheia occurs,Heidegger runs an intricately philosophical system,involving in many important concepts,such as Zein(time),Ereignis,Geschick(fate),hermeneutic.By means of the system truth as a rhythm of an event is shivering in the existential phenomena along with Sein.Although impossible to be grasped as a kind of knowledge the event can be triggered from time to time,exposes itself as the formale Anzeige of human existence.Except for amazing about the excellence of Heidegger's Ontology I do not think that the mechanism he exhibits can match the experience most of us have completely.I even feel the arbitrary and extraordinary effects formed by it,which are similar with the effected originated from transcendental philosophy such as metaphysics.These effects are not naive and impurified,waits Gadamer to remove.Philosophical hermeneutics by G.H.Gadamer can be regarded as the loyal successor of Heidegger's formalized mechanism from Heidegger.But Gadamer intends to exhibit a more reasonable explication on truth,which have two starting points,namely linguistic turn and hermeneutic.German linguistic turn origins from the philosophers like Harman-Herder-Humboldt,focus on the constitution of human nature by means of language and the phenomenological property of language.In this sense language is not only tools we can use,but the media to say something to us inwardly.Now these two starting points interrelates together,because "to say" is the primary property of language in terms of Palmer's opinion."To say" is saying the truth of phenomena to Dasein,which forms the foundation of Hermeneutics.To Gadamer,the language functions as the media of hermeneutic is just eligibly to explicate the profound mechanism of Alethia Heidegger provokes,makes it admitted by users of the language,transfers the unbelievable things to be something that can be recognized universally.So the users of language is just to be familiar with the linguistic practices more and more without concerning with the enigmatic principles of Aletheia,because the practice users run are the experiences of human being.From Heidegger to Gadamer,the paradox happens on truth appears to be removed,that is,the apparently transcendental factors are cancelled,the concept of truth is thought about in the normative view.As a matter of fact,their philosophies are founded on the function of "to see(intuition)",which have an inner connection with the concept of "speculation".In general,speculative philosophy as a holism and sense of system is limited in freedom,always regarded as something mysticism.Although its nature is not determined,but the way out of it is clear already,i.e.find a better solution in terms of the free spirit of phenomenology.To accompany the task,it is necessary resort to anther linguistic turn,namely the one emerges in Anglo-American philosophy.The linguistic turn arise from Frege,Russell,and Wittgenstein is latter than the German linguistic,acquires to transfer the philosophical questions to the field of language,creates various ways to determines the meaning of items in language,constitutes the relations between truth and meaning.In the view of Tugendhat,truth is not an entity to be discovered,but a function which is identified with the constitution essentially.The concept of constitution is involved in both two linguistic turns.In the German one,something like concrete description in formalization is lacked;in the Anglo-American one,the task and motive is blurred from beginning to end.Tugendhat unifies them into Hermeneutics,turns truth into a avowal of an event about truth conditions.Different from traditional concept of truth,truth conditions functions like the concept of scaffolding in Wittgenstein's philosophy,intends to constitute various relations and meanings out of states of affairs,which are not constituted universally at present and independent of verification theory of meaning.But according to Husserl's view,they still can be objective,universally valid to most language users.In the sense,the concept Being is unique compares to Heidegger's,becomes something remains.That's means that Being is used to form truth conditions instead of settled as the object of the metaphor of seeing.Now Being is considered as the assertion implicated in statements naturally,will arouse the movement of Aletheia at the beginning.This mode of Aletheia still remains meaning of disclosedness in nature,although is not objectified and not holism accordingly.It leads Dasein to build relations ubiquitously in the phenomena of language in the sense of'human interest and attention' Davidson expresses.The success of Tugendhat's solution on truth is outstanding,because 'the conceptual apparatus of transcendental philosophy' in philosophies of Heidegger and Gadamer has been removed at all,hermeneutic becomes the completely disclosed event from now,the normalization is inserted in procedure of Hermeneutics.By the way I can say that the paradox Lafont points out is erased in the end.But things are not over at all.Like the thoughts of G.H.Mild and von Wright,Tugendhat always tries his Hermeneutics in semi-extensional sense,or just appears as a kind of theoretical action.Then his theory cannot cover enough fields of language,remains 'a staggering list of difficulties and conundrums' whose include counterfactual or subjunctive sentences,sentences about probabilities about causal relations,mass terms,imperatives and so on.Of course,formal semantics has limited validity in constitution and hermeneutic just depending on three main factors such as world,tense,and mood.To this,Davidson only says that 'I have taken an optimistic and programmatic view of the possibilities.I want to say that the way to find truth by translating ordinary language to metalanguage should be reliable,even though Tugendhat's investigation has been not justified.