The Shogunate And Literature Of The Kings Of The Southern Dynasty

In the Southern Dynasties,the politics returned to imperial power politics from the clique politics,and literature tended to be dominated by the literacy group centered on the power of the princes,instead of the family-centered literacy group.The shogunate system in the Southern Dynasties was in the key stage of the development of the shogunate system.As princes served in the states,they established the militatry and prefectural shogunate,which would inevitably have a great impact on the scholar officials and their literary activities in the Southern Dynasties.The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between the shogunate system and the literature in the Southern Dynasties,so as to provide a new angel to observe the literature in the Southern Dynasties from the perspective of the shogunate system.The Southern Dynasties in this paper date from 420 AD,the first year of Yongchu in Liu Song Dynasty to 589 AD,the third year of Zhen Ming in South Chen Dynasty,170 years in total.The paper mainly discusses about the literati who served in the imperial families of the Song,Qi,Liang and Chen dynasties in the 170 years.The main body of the paper is divided into six chapters.The appendix collects the Southern Dynasties' shogunate and the literati,and studies the life doubts of individual literatus.The main contents and viewpoints are as follows:The first chapter discusses the evolution of the meaning of the shogunate in the Han,Wei,Jin and Southern Dynasties,the establishment of the system of Princes' management and the governor District of the Southern Dynasties,the positions and ranks of the officials,military officials and prefectures of the shogunate kingdom in the Southern Dynasties,and analyzes the characteristics of the times and causes of the shogunate in the Song,Qi,Liang and Chen dynasties.The second chapter discusses the cultural activities of the shogunate in the Southern Dynasties,and studies the relationship between the shogunate literati and their princes and their writing mentality.As princes were the most powerful new noble at that time,their shogunate became platform for many literati.Culturally,princes gathered their staff to compile books and produced influential works like Shishuoxinyu or New Anecdotes of Social Talk.They organized academic activities in capital cities and Fangzhen(their sevice place)to spread Confucian and Buddhist culture.The double dependence of the shogunate scholars on the princes in terms of political and economic interests also deepened the petty mentality of the Southern Dynasties literati and formed similar poetic style among groups.This paper focuses on the influence of the Southern Dynasties' shogunate on literature.From the third chapter to the fifth chapter,it discusses the influence of the Southern Dynasties' shogunate on the literary creation of the shogunate group as a whole.In literary creation,the shogunate often organized collective gathering activities,which provided a platform for the collective creation of the shogunate literati.In these group creation activities,the shogunate literati competed with each other in poetry creation skills.They pursued novelty in antithesis,rhyme and other aspects.These group creation activities promoted the development of antiphon poetry(poems for writing and replaying)and Dingedicht(poems chanting objects),and also produced Fu De poetry which was suitable for group work.On the basis of these creative practices,palace-style poetry,a very representative style of poetry,was finally bred.From the source of subject matters to the creative practices,palace-style poetry was originated from the imperial shogunate,and then matured in the palace.The shogunate literati following princes to their guarding places became a new form of dynamic distribution of literati in the Southern Dynasty for a long period of time.The farewell poems that the shogunate literati wrote made the farewell places around Jian Kang become geographical images with the meaning of farewell.The description of the scenery and geographic names along the way in the travel poems also made the landscape of these places become the literary landscape marked with words.And the scenery poems compased in Fangzhen unfoled the picture of the local mountains,rivers,buildings and pavilions in the southern dynasties.They also showed the folk customs of Jing Yong area and promoted the development of landscape poetry in the Southern Dynasties.The main duty of the shogunate literati in the shogunate was to write official documents such as Zhang(work report),Biao(memorials to the throne),Jiao(educational documents)and Xi(a declaration of war).These official documents not only connected the kings with the imperial court,but also played an important role in the official career of the shogunate literati.When the shogunate literati received the gifts from the kings,they needed to write Qiwen to thank them.Qi,originally written for appreciation,played an important role in the parallelization of articles in the Southern Dynasties.Within the shogunate,the literati also collectively composed Yongwu Fu(proses chanting objects)with the same topic,which promoted the prosperity Yongwu Fu.The sixth chapter analyzes the individual cases about the influence of Princes on the creation of their shogunate literati.The creation of the shogunate literati was affected by Princes' aethetic interests as they politically and economicly depended on Princes.For example,princes of Liu Song Dynasty had a taste for Wuge Xiqu and Yuefu dance music.This inspired Bao Zhao to actively create folk songs and Qiyan Yuefu to dance,which was one of the factors that led to Bao Zhao's rehtoric poetic style.Some of the second-class literati in the shogunate were self-conceited but upright.Their unfavorable official career and downfall in a long term made Wu Jun,He Xun and other second-class literati in the shogunate form a poetic style which was incorruptible and classical,miserable and humble,and quite different from the mainstream poetic style in the capital.