A Study Of Chinese Urban Poety In The Post-1990s From The Perspective Of Comparative Literature

Since the 1990s,urban literature has risen and become the most important literary landscape.As an important part of urban literature,urban poetry has been gradually developing in the middle and late 1980 s.With its constantly spring-up,the research on urban poetry has gradually increased.In the early days,most of the research and discussion of related concepts.After the 1990 s,along with the introduction of Western urban poetry theories,urban poetry research showed a diversified research trend as well as achieved a fruitful result.The Chinese cities after the 1990 s have striking similarities with Baudelaire's Paris described by Benjamin.Therefore,based on the texts of Chinese urban poetry after the 1990 s and took reference of Western multidisciplinary urban studies,this thesis analyzes the writing of urban poetry in this period and its modern urban consciousness in a comparative perspective,and demonstrates the urban development and human spiritual dilemma of universal significance in the process of urbanization.The first chapter of the thesis mainly analyzes the urban landscape as imagery.Based on the research ideas of Roland Bart's semiotics and Kevin Lynch's urban planning,it draws and studies the formal characteristics and semantic structure in Chinese urban poetry after the 1990 s,which applied the related concepts and methods of urban space theory and architectural phenomenology,using basic units such as city streets,nodes,landmarks to combine urban architecture and the space.Dense streets are a typical feature of urban space,which also present the most authentic people's life.In poetry,abstract and conceptual streets often symbol the urban space,representing fastness or congestion.The specific streets with clear directivity become the memory carrier or the emotional projection in the poet's narration.The constantly demolished old streets are regarded as the epitome of urban culture.Typical urban nodes are like squares with the nature of gathering points as well as railways and stations with the nature of connecting points.The connotation of city squares in poetry has gone from a space with rich political accommodation or ideal accommodation to a huge public entertainment function.The urban railway is not only a symbol of modern civilization,but also a metaphor of time,and a symbol of the ideal love of urban people.The station with a strong spirit is not only a place for strangers and nostalgia,but also the maternal symbol of the initiator of era and nurturing new life.As the symbol and unique characteristic of a city,tall buildings transcend reality and enters the imaginary level in poets' writing from symbolizing power and rebirth to squeezing,siege and becoming an ancient behemoth.To get rid of the invisible majesty and pressure brought by the shape of tall buildings,poets choose to take the top or glass windows,curtain walls of tall buildings to determine their position and perceive the shape of the city.The second chapter shows the modern crowds wandering in the city.It divides into three types,i.e.wanderers,aliens and margins,defined by Benjamin,Simmel,and Robert Parker on the role of urban people combining the poet's subjective life experience,urban vision,and self-identity.Wanders are further divided into wandering meditators,lonely garbage pickers,and angry critics.Wandering meditators walk through the streets to achieve a complex relationship among the city and urban people;lonely garbage pickers observe the people and objects in the city as a "garbage picker" in Baudelaire's pen to collect his own poetry;angry critics take the angle to stand on the opposite side of the city,revealing the deformed development of the city in a manner that is incompatible with the city,and the ecological crisis and human survival crisis.There are two types of aliens.Some of them can “dwells on this earth poetically" in the city.They eagerly present and examine the city's unique mundane feelings with their own original vision and take a proactive attitude toward the city.Another part are people ran back and forth between the countryside and the city.They were "dual-aliens" between the countryside and the city.Marginal people mainly include those who have a real-world marginal situation and those who have a"self-marginal" mentality.The marginalized people with realistic marginal situations often have rural growth backgrounds,and most of them still live in small towns.By showing the urban life and living conditions of urban fringe people,they express the filth and greatness,lofty and despicableness of the city on the one hand,and on the other hand the aspect also completed the identification of the marginal identity of the self,and realized the comfort and salvation of the self.Although marginalized people with a self-marginal mentality live in cities,they all have long or short experiences in rural life.They are particularly aware of the sadness,bitterness,and heaviness of life.They express the hidden worries and sorrows in the process of urban modernization by writing about the lives of people on the periphery of the city.The third chapter presents the alienated modern urban spirit.It takes on Simmel's sociological theory,Fromm's theory of human nature,and Jungian personality analysis psychology to illustrate the alienated urban spirit in modern cities.Modern cities continue to throw people into new experiences,new environments,and new crowds.When these new stimuli make city people feeling the threat,they will use their rationality and then produces indifferent.Indifference makes people form reserved interpersonal relationships.Indifferent individuals are forced to enter various relationships,so personality masks are caused and lead to constant splits in personality.Finally,indifferent modern people seek psychological balance,occasionally reveals his sincere emotions,creating a stranger's emotional penetration.The biggest impact of indifference on modern urbanites is to make individuals suffer from loneliness.The loneliness with multiple faces has become a common mental state of modern people.It originated from the poet's attitude of self-estrangement and the decline of the physical home(country)and the nowhere to put the spiritual home in the process of urbanization.Facing loneliness,different poets have different attitudes,which reflect the different moods of the poets.In addition,the rise of a consumer society,the expansion of material desires,and the pressure of survival forced poets to change their attitude towards commodities and strive to approach poetry in the material flood.The objects of modern civilization will gradually be degenerated with the passage of time and the changing environments.The meaning and value of money will continue to collapse,and people will never be able to achieve a poetic dwelling.Finally,the expansion of body desires is a typical symptom of modern society.Cities are full of erotic desires,and sexual desire has become the“top priority” of modern society.Herein,love is no longer a pure spiritual pursuit,but a vain term tied to material needs and even equates to prostitution.He inspires individual passions and desires,and at the same time turns individuals into puppets controlled by passions and desires.