Study On Shuoxue And Its Poets And Poetry In The Northern Song Dynasty

In the middle and late Northern Song Dynasty,a variety of academics,including Xinxue,Shuoxue,Shuxue and Luoxue,coexisted at that time,formed fruitful and systematic academic achievements with different academic tendencies and political backgrounds.Shuoxue was led by Sima Guang,and its main members included Fan Zuyu,Liu Anshi,Chao Yuezhi,Liu Zhi,etc.In addition to their outstanding historical contributions,they also made great achievements in Confucian classics and literature.An overall study of Shuoxue and its poets' poetry is conducive to a comprehensive understanding of the achievements and status of Shuoxue members in the history of the Song Dynasty's ideological and literary development.The thesis is divided into six chapters.The first chapter sorts the formation and development of Shuo Party and Shuoxue.Shuo Party was a bureaucratic group formed by internal division of the old Party in the early years of Yuanyou.Its members inherited Sima Guang's political ideals and participated in the struggle between the old and new parties in the Years of Xifeng.During the Yuanyou period,there were constant conflicts with Shu and Luo parties.Shuo Party was an important political force in the middle and late Northern Song Dynasty.As the ideological basis of Shuo Party,Shuoxue is the result of school contention and party contention.Its formation not only reflects the political environment and cultural development trend of the Northern Song Dynasty,but also reflects the influence of the northern Confucian classics and historical atmosphere and the regional cultural background of the conflict between the northern and southern scholars,which is an important embodiment of the "spirit of Northern school".The second chapter is the examination of the members of Shuoxue in the Northern Song Dynasty.Sima Guang is the founder of Shuoxue.The main members of Shuoxue include his own disciples Liu Anshi,Fan Zuyu and Chao Yuezhi,as well as Liu Zhi who is deeply influenced by his thoughts.Shuoxue developed and flourished in the middle and late Northern Song Dynasty,and gradually weakened after Emperor Huizong of Song Dynasty.On the one hand,it was influenced greatly by party disputes,and on the other hand,it was closely related to the style of Shuoxue and the characteristics of school inheritance.The members of Shuoxue have close internal contacts,and they also interact frequently with external figures such as scholars from Sumen,scholars from Luozhong and famous political officials.Their social contacts showed extensive,familial,academic and political characteristics,from which we can see the important influence of Shuoxue and the interactive relationship with other schools of thought.The third chapter is the essentials of the ideological system of Shuoxue.The members of Shuoxue have rich achievements in Confucian classics and constructed a systematic ideological system of Confucian classics.Ontology puts forward the theory of Empty Qi,the theory of Zhonghe attaches importance to the governance of the heart,the theory of destiny emphasizes reverence of heaven and knowing destiny,the theory of human nature advocates the mixture of good and evil,and the theory of epistemology puts forward the principle of knowledge in the matter.These propositions have an important role in promoting the development of Neo-Confucianism.At the same time,Shuoxue embodies its own characteristics in the aspects of ideological origin,academic purpose and path.In the aspect of poetics,the members of Shuoxue put forward that "poetry is the essence of literature",and attached importance to the characteristics of poetry aesthetics and expression of emotion.It advocates that poetry is "suitable for use",emphasizes the political function of poetry to educate and satirize,expands the communicative function of "poetry can group" and advocates the psychological function of leisure and entertainment.It also advocates plain poetic style and pays attention to implicit and euphemistic expression.Shuoxue poets advocated practical and elegant poetry,which further promoted the development of practical poetry in Song Dynasty.The fourth chapter explores the cultural personality and poetry creation tendency of Shuoxue poets.Shuoxue poets have a pure Confucian style of erudition and integrity.The formation of their cultural personality was influenced not only by their family background,but also by the specific social environment at that time,which was promoted and strengthened in the ups and downs of their official career.The moral pursuit and personality of Shuoxue poets are embodied in various aspects,such as ruling for the government,character,learning and daily life.This kind of personality state influences and reflects on the ideological content and spiritual connotation of their poetry creation.Their poetry reflects the spirit of benefiting mankind,the deep and profound historical consciousness,the reclusive feelings and the life consciousness of wandering in sickness and old age.Shuoxue poetry has rich levels and connotation,which not only shows their spiritual world as pure Confucianism,but also reflects the ideological and cultural features of their times.The fifth chapter discusses the artistic style of Shuoxue's poetry.In terms of artistic structure,the poems use diversified starting structure,good at constructing poem structure with contrast relation,also reflect a strong concept of time and space,and pay great attention to the art of poem concluding sentence.The images used by the poets of Shuoxue have their own characteristics,which form a rich image group,and also reflect the common tendency,such as the love for "forest field" and "forest spring",and the repeated expression of "autumn",and so on.In terms of writing techniques,Shuoxue poets attach importance to thinking and learning,and their poems have obvious characteristics of Song-Style.The artistic realm of their poetry reflects the main style of melancholy and simplicity,and each has its own emphasis,such as Liu Zhi's poetic realm of cold,Sima Guang and Fan Zuyu's pursuit of plain beauty,and so on,presenting a diversified style of poetry.The sixth chapter is the analysis of serial versifying of the members of Shuoxue.The singing and responding objects of Shuoxue members have their own stages and characteristics.They have created a large number of serial versifying,such as celebrating,giving gifts,touring and so on.These poems show the characteristics of communication.They often use poetry to replace letters,pay attention to the occasion and social relations when writing poetry.Most of the poems are carried out in the mode of conversation and dialogue between "I" and "You",and reflect the distinctive competitiveness.In addition,the serial versifying are often written for the congenial,with many contents of moral encouragement.The serial versifying of Shuoxue poets show their daily life and thoughts and feelings,and also show the social,political and cultural picture at that time to a certain extent..Serial versifying not only plays an important role in the development of literature,but also has extensive communication,cognitive and psychological functions.In short,from philosophical origin to moral cultivation,cultural personality and then to literary aesthetics,Shuoxue poets embody the internal unity of thought,spirit and creation.The ideological system formed by Shuoxue played an important role in the ideological history of the Song Dynasty;its poetic view and creative practice are of great significance to the development of poetry in the Northern Song Dynasty and the formation of the characteristics of poetry of the Song Dynasty.