A Study On The Relationship Between Marx And The Socialist Ideological Trend Of The 19th-Century Britain

Marx and the British socialist ideological trend of the 19th-century are two pillars in the critical history of modern capitalism.The former had close connection with the latter in the ideological origin,formation and propagation,where both sublation and reverse-nurture in the transition exist.After the birth of scientific socialism in 1848,an important turning point occurred in the relationship between Marx and the 19 th-century British socialist thoughts.In the transition,Marx turned from abandoning the British socialist thoughts with Owenism,Ricardian socialism and the Chartist British Socialism before 1848 as the main content to nuture them instead,which directly led to a brief revival of the late Chartist socialism and the emergence of the "Hyndman formula reverse-nurture" and "Morris tradition" in the process of the 80s British socialist renaissance.This study is divided into three parts.The first part focuses on the temporal and special politics,basic demands and historical evolution of the 19th-century British socialism;the second part probes into the sublation relationship between Marx and the British socialism in the first half of the 19thCentury;part three mainly discusses the potential nurturing relations between Marx and the development and propagation of the British socialist ideological trend in the second half of the 19th Century.First,the Sublation of the Owen DoctrineMarx criticized the metaphysical nature of Owen's "rational" materialism.He not only introduced the practical view into Owen's epistemology but also applied dialectics to transform Owen's materialism,thus he finally solved the methodology"maze" which troubled Owen for life;meanwhile,Marx inherited the materialism components and the basic principles of socialism in Owen's doctrine,and he applied the method of practical materialism directly to demonstrate the Communism and the political economy analysis of capitalist relations of production and its mode of operation,which revealed the secret and the inevitable trend of capitalist exploitation,and ultimately completed the worldview transformation of Owen's utopian socialism.Second,the Sbulation of the Ricardian SocialismMarx criticized the non-scientific critique of the classical labor value theory of Ricardian socialism,with "back to Smith and Ricardo's labor value theory itself' as the ideological premise,he rose the historical materialism and abstract to the concrete methodology and applied them to analyse capital and wage labor.Besides,Marx inherited the "two logic,one center" theory of Ricardian socialist economics,realized a self-transcendence of classical economical "bourgeois system physiology" lineage and completed the scientific transformation of the basis of the Ricardian economics critique.Third,the Sublation of the Chartist Socialism before 1848Marx criticized the wrong policy of the Chartist socialists' blindly compromise and concession to the bourgeois regime and their revolution fantasy of seizing power peacefully,and he applied the idea of violent revolution to the establishment and development of people's regime;meanwhile,Marx inherited the revolution narrative logic of the Chartist socialism before 1848,proposed the theory of violent revolution with continuous revolution under the condition of the dictatorship of the proletariat as the main content,using the elimination of private ownership as the foothold of the doctrine,and he finally completed the scientific transformation of the political criticism basis of the Chartist socialism before 1848.Forth,the Revival of the Chartist Socialism after 1848After the birth of scientific socialism,Marx in the first time nurtured the late Chartist socialism and brought it into a new stage of development,which went through the process from prosperity to decline,and then to fade away.In this process,the left-wing Chartists not only accepted the guidance of Marxism,but also approach Marxism actively in the revolutionary action,political program and international combination which ultimately developed into the workers' movement,thus occurred a brief revival of socialism.However,on the one hand,Marx gave too high expectations to the late chartist movement,especially the left-wing chartists,meanwhile struggles exist between the left-wing Chartist leaders Harney and Jones,and they lack higher theoretical training;on the other hand,due to the relative improvement in the status of the working class and the temporary prosperity of the British economy,the masses,the late chartist socialists strived for,showed no interest to the political image of the revolution,and turned to fight for changing some kind of economic status.Fifth,the Appearance of the Hyndman Types of Reverse-nurtureMarx's second reverse-nurture to the British socialism brought it another revival in the 1880s,and led to the establishment of the Social Democratic Alliance,which is the first public socialist organization with marxism as its ideological banner.Hyndman,as the founder of the organization,went through a gradual ideological transformation from radicalism which supported the Conservative Party to socialism.However,after Hyndman "disengaged" with Marx,Marx's reverse-nurture turned into a "Hyndman type of reverse-nurture" without Marxist guidance and constraints.Hyndman misinterpreted Marx's scientific materialism as economic determinism,further drew a fallacy conclusion that Socialism is automatic implementation,and ultimately turned from a socialist "fanatics" to a reformist who denied Marxism completely.Sixth,the Formaion of the "Morris Tradition"Marx's third reverse-nurture to the British socialism caused a turning point to the revival of socialism in Britain in the 1980s,prompting the establishment of the Socialist Alliance which is the first socialist group founded by the supporter of Marxism.Morris,as the organization's actual founder and leader,became a real socialist in Marxist reverse-nurture.In the theory and practice of socialism,Morris proposed"international socialist revolution",and on this basis,the "Morris tradition"took shape,which is a combination of the communist system design and the ethical criticism with art aesthetics as the medium.However,since Morris didn't grasp the gist of some important economic proposition,like the source of surplus value and the essence of monopoly,his communist doctrine lost scientific and mass basis,and ultimately transformed into a utopian imagination.