Research On Marx's Theory Of Division Of Labor

"Division of labor" is an important category of Marxist theory,which is an important part of Marxist theory.Marx's creation of historical materialism and surplus value theory is closely related to Marx's research on division of labor,especially the in-depth study of the division of labor within factories under the capitalist mode of production.A thorough and systematic study of Marx's division of labor theory is helpful to grasp historical materialism scientifically and to understand the theory of surplus value.Taking the division of labor as a clue,Marx deeply analyzed the causes of labor alienation,and pointed out that by eliminating the capitalist private ownership,sublating the alienation of division of labor,and realizing people's free and conscious labor.A thorough and systematic study of Marx's theory of division of labor is conducive to a scientific grasp of historical materialism and a deep understanding of the theory of surplus value.Taking the division of labor as a clue,Marx not only clarified the antagonistic nature of the capitalist society,but also clarified the inherent contradiction of the capitalist mode of production,that is,the contradiction between the strict order of the division of labor within the factory and the contingency of the division of labor within the whole society,indicating the irreconcilability of this contradiction.A thorough and systematic study of Marx's theory of division of labor will help us gain a profound understanding of contemporary capitalist society,enable us to better respond to the challenges of international division of labor,and actively build a new international division of labor based on a community of Shared future.At the same time,it will help us better understand the new features of the division of labor in socialism with Chinese characteristics,form a theory of division of labor with Chinese characteristics,guide the construction of a new type of relationship of division of labor based on cooperation,and guide the future development of division of labor.This paper consists of three parts: introduction,body and conclusion.In the introduction part,the following topics are discussed,such as the origin,background,significance,research status at home and abroad,research methods,research ideas,academic objectives,innovation points and difficulties.The main body consists of five chapters,which respectively discuss the theoretical origin,historical evolution process,basic content,research methods and rethinking of Marx's theory of division of labor.The conclusion part combines the theory with the reality and looks forward to the bright future of Marx's theory of division of labor.The first chapter discusses the theoretical origin of Marx's theory of division of labor.Marx's theory of division of labor is based on the theory of many great thinkers.Ancient Greek thinkers,utopian socialist thinkers,classical political economists and Hegel's philosophy of law are the most important theoretical sources.Through criticizing and transcending these great thinkers' theories,Marx deepened his research on division of labor,and finally formed a theory with the distinct characteristics of aiming at realizing human liberation.The second chapter discusses the historical evolution of Marx's theory of division of labor.Marx's research on division of labor originated from the material interest problems encountered when he worked at Rhine Newspaper.In order to solve these problems,Marx began to study political economy,"division of labor" as the core concept of political economy received special attention from Marx.Based on the analysis of practical division of labor activities,Marx launched criticisms on political economy and its philosophical basis---idealistic historical view,which provided strong support for the establishment of materialistic historical view.By applying historical materialism to the study of labor division in the capitalist society,Marx revealed the power relationship between people behind the division of labor and clearly disclosed the secret of capitalist exploitation of workers under the capitalist mode of production,thus establishing his own theory of division of labor.In his in-depth study of the internal division of labor in capitalist factories,Marx revealed the secret of the production of surplus value,showed the inherent contradiction between the orderness of the internal division of labor in capitalist factories and the disorder of labor division in whole society,and thus demonstrated the self-negation of capitalism and the certainty of its demise from the perspective of division of labor.Chapter three discusses the basic content of Marx's theory of division of labor.As the core part of this paper,it includes four sections.The first section clarifies the meaning of some concepts related to the division of labor that Marx used so that a comprehensive understanding of his theory may be achieved.In the next section,the author analyzes Marx's historical exposition of the activities,forms,theories and modes of the division of labor,clarifying the historical nature of the concept and the variation in the form of labor division.Thirdly,by expounding the special nature of the division of labor in the capitalist society,the author reveals the power relationship among people in the capitalist society in terms of labor division and reveals the inherent contradiction of the capitalist mode of production,thus demonstrating the inevitability of the demise of capitalism.Section Four discusses the real meaning of Marx's "elimination of labor division" and some realistic paths to attain the goal."To eliminate the division of labor" is to eliminate the capitalist private ownership which determines the special nature of the division,to eliminate the capitalist relations of production,to realize the free and conscious division of labor,and finally fulfill the free and comprehensive development of human beings.Chapter Four summarizes the methods Marx used to study division of labor.Whether there is a method or a correct method in the theoretical research is crucially important.As a result,in the face of the same phenomenon,using different methods will come to completely different conclusions.Marx obtained findings that differ from those of the national economists and Germany's classical philosophers when he researched the phenomenon of labor division.The most important reason is that Marx used unique research methods to clarify the historical nature of labor division---he based his studies on historical materialism,started from real problems in society,analyzed a problems in its own specific way,combined logical and historical methods together,applied social investigation and literature research,etc.Using materialist dialectics,Marx reveals the special nature of capitalist labor division through scientific abstraction,contradiction analysis and system analysis.Marx constructs his own theory of labor division by criticizing the theory of utopian socialist and classical political economics on division of labor,by criticizing Hegel's philosophy of right,from the perspective of historical criticism,category criticism and social criticism.Marx's method to studying labor division is of great methodological significance to the study of the complicated phenomena in this field in contemporary society.Chapter Five expounds the contemporary enlightenment of Marx's theory of labor division.Nowadays,with the rapid development of information technology and the accelerating process of globalization,the social situation has undergone great changes compared with the era of Marx.However,the logic of capital still plays a dominant role in the present international division of labor.Marx's theory of labor division is just a specific analysis of the form of labor division in terms of the logic of capital.Therefore,it has important theoretical significance for us to deal with external challenges in the international division of labor.China's basic economic system is based on public ownership with different forms of ownership developing side by side.The existence of a variety of economic forms of ownership makes the division of labor complex and diverse.We should construct the theory of division of labor with Chinese characteristics under the guidance of Marx's theory of division of labor and in combination with China's practical experience of division of labor.We will work hard to build a new division of labor based on cooperation at home and a new international division of labor.At the same time,we should make use of the advantages of the state system to restrict the control of capital over the division of labor in the non-public economy,give full play to the subjective initiative of people,and eliminate the alienation of the division of labor.In the conclusion,the paper summarizes the essence of Marx's theory of division of labor.Standing at the historical starting point of the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics,we must further the study of Marxist theory on labor division,actively respond to the challenges of western theories and realistic problems,make every effort to build the theory of labor division in accordance with the reality in China and conduct plentiful practical activities so that the better future described by Marx's theory of labor division can be soon achieved.