Study On The Political Ecology Of Resource-Based Regions From The Perspective Of Regional Politics ——Take Shanxi Province As An Example

After the 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the anti-corruption struggle continued to advance throughout the country,causing political ecology issues to receive widespread attention.In 2014,Shanxi Province,a typical resource-based region,discovered systemic and collapsed corruption,and thus became a representative of the deterioration of the political ecology.It has been valued by central leaders and relevant researchers.Understand the formation mechanism and find related governance strategies have important practical significance and academic value.The political ecology will show obvious regional characteristics in a special space,and form a complete system inside and there are obvious differences from the outside.This is the basis for understanding a series of special political phenomena in resource-based areas.This article takes Shanxi Province as a case,takes regional politics as the basic observation perspective,and takes the local governance practice since the reform and opening up as the main source of material,focusing on the key regional variable of coal resources,anatomy the political system environment and system,extract clues of interaction between resources and politics.The main contents include the following five parts:The first chapter sort out theoretical basis.It draws on some thinking methods of ecology,system theory,and combine existing research results related to political ecology,put forward that political ecology analysis need attention it's universal relevance,systematic,holistic,diversity,boundary and treat it as a system with a complete system structure and system functions.As two basic components,there is a close connection and interactive process between the political system and the political ecological environment(including the economic and social circles).As a research perspective,regional politics make political ecology analysis more focused on the role of regional variables.It is distinguished from the current research on political ecology at the macro level,added meso perspective.The second chapter traces the interactive relationship between resources and politics in Shanxi Province.In the long history before the founding of the People's Republic of China,with the gradually expanding use of coal resources,the economic and social circles of coal-producing areas have been affected to a certain extent.In order to strengthen economic and social control,the state has continuously increased its influence on the coal industry.Resource-related organizational reforms and fiscal and taxation structural reforms have occurred within the political system.Some political actors have also changed the way they act.Although this change is not significant for a long time,it has become a historical image of the "resource-political" interactive political ecology in the region.The third chapter analyzes the political ecological environment of resource-based regions.In the economic circle,the characteristics of the energy industry's dominant,multi-subjective participation and predatory mining of coal resources are obvious.Over-reliance on the resource industry has led to the phenomenon of resource curse in regional economic development,and the development of non-resource-based industries is difficult.These structural phenomena reinforce each other,shape a relatively stable economic circle,and stimulate the political system to form close attention to the coal industry and form a driving force for strong intervention.Under this influence,a large number of groups flooded into the coal industry,the population has differentiated,gaming among groups of interests has increased,grassroots authority structure adjusted,insufficient momentum for social development in the post-resource era.This has forced the political system to face tremendous pressures on social governance,there is even a risk of input overload.Grassroots political ecological problems also arise and spread with the ecological chain to the entire regional political ecology.The fourth chapter analyzes the operating laws of the political system in resource-based regions.Under the influence of the special economic circle and social circle structure,three changes have taken place in the political system: First,gravitational politics,that is,the coal industry and related economic and social governance issues have attracted a lot of attention from government and government officials,and access to substantial governance resources,it also hides the risk of political subjects competing to divide the excess profits of the resource industry;the second is strong politics,that is,local governments are used to expanding executive power,and to intervene strongly on resource property rights,production processes,and resource integration Third,black gold politics,that is,some leading cadres take rent-seeking actions based on gravitational politics and strong politics to go corrupt,and the coal industry is prone to become an intermediary for the spread of corruption,prompting a large number of officials to embed in the cobweb structure of informal relations.The fifth chapter analyzes the political ecological governance actions in Shanxi Province.In the economic circle,through the integration of resources and the adjustment of the industrial structure,the interest network generated around the small coal kiln was cut off,making it impossible to carry out the production and export of informal rules and informal relationships.Risks are blocked.However,the political effect of the adjustment of the economic circle have taken too long,and the political system had to carry out a special anti-corruption struggle in the coal field in 2008,respond to the central government's request in 2014 to carry out a system-wide anti-corruption operation,and forcibly disrupt the benefits created by the resource industry through ecological interruptions,reversing the mode of action of political actors,reorganizing the unbalanced parts of the ecosystem.The conclusions: first,in resource-based areas,natural resources restrict the operation of the entire political ecology,so that a "resource-political" interaction model appears in local governance;second,resource-based areas appear a series of short-term and comprehensive political ecological phenomena at a certain stage of transformation,including systemic and collapsed corruption,as well as the resource industry attracting a large number of governance resources and the government's strong control.Third,the "resource curse" not only occurs in the economy.Under special space-time coordinates,political and social development may also be hindered by resources.Fourth,resource-based areas are typical interest-intensive areas,and resource industries are interest-intensive industries,which have a higher risk of political ecological deterioration,especially corruption,resources play an important role in it;Fifth,in certain stages of the transition period,the construction of the property rights system,the supervision system,the benefit distribution system,and the internal control mechanism of the political system is incomplete,and the regional political system in resource-based areas easy to fall into the risk of requiring input overload,system capacity insufficient,government power expansion can effectively alleviate the system pressure,but keep the political ecology working effectively in a longer period still depends on its structural optimization and modernization of local governance capacity.