Sustainment And Changes Of Ethnicity Under The Background Of Modernization ——Research On The Miao's Culture Changes In Fenghuang

This paper mainly focuses on the problems of the sustainment and changes of the Miao's ethnicity in the Fenghuang country of western Hunan province to discuss the Miao how to make adaptability changes in the process of modernization,the ethnic group how to adhere to their ethnicity through the adaptive behavior,and the ethnic group how to satisfy the interests and maintain the original emotion through the sustainment of the ethnic groups.The author constructs a middle ground of theory framework to examine the changes and sustainment of Miao's ethnicity and establishes the inner connection between the ethnicity and ethnic adaptive behaviors.It regards ethnicity as the collective consciousness of ethnic group,which is inherent to people's behavior and value system.The ethnicity is the normative criterion and reference framework of the adaptive behaviors which members of ethnic group cope with the environmental change,and also the behaviors of the explanatory framework which actors understand themselves and others.Meanwhile,ethnicity has been reflected and regenerated through the adaptive behaviors of ethnic group.Modernization is the era background of the study of ethnicity,Which is a changing process of the dual characteristics of unity and pluralism.Global free movement of economic integration and capital let a few ethnic groups getting involved in the“development” stream of global characteristics.The commercial culture of market economy and interest is more and more influential in people's life,the ethnic groups traditional culture and local knowledge have tended to assimilate rapidly in cultural contact.However,the development of cultural tourism and rural tourism gives the ethnic groups the opportunity to reconstruct the traditional culture,the multicultural and local knowledge be reflected in the process of modernization.The modernization of Miao in the Fenghuang country includes the overall modernization which dominated and planed by nation,as well as the local special modernization.National policies and coercive power,urbanization process,Tourism economy are three core modernization factors that affect Miao's traditional way of lifeand cultural changes.In the process of modernization includes integrity and locality,the traditional culture of Miao has been changing,which shows the gradual dissolution of cultural differences and the revival of culture.However,the revival of traditional culture which its symbolic meaning and function has been changed,is at the cost of culture being separated from practicality and daily life,and the main features with culture commercialization and performance.The inheritance of ethnic culture has been challenged by these problems which are elimination of culture differences and cultural alienation in process of cultural commercialization.In the face of the increasing assimilation of ethnic cultures,the members of Miao's who base on the responsibility of ethnic groups,or for a reason of rational interests,or from the actual needs,or from habits,actively or passively adopt ethnic adaptive behaviors to deal with the impact of modernization.Ethnic adaptive behaviors in different orientations may show strong or weak ethnicity,but only ethnic adaptive behaviors with both rational means and emotional expression can reflect the full range of ethnicity.The Miao in Fenghuang country and its members though the adaptive behaviors have reconstructed the difference of ethnic culture,promoted the consciousness of members,changed the situation of ethnic groups and its members by culture research,propaganda,industrialization and festival celebrations,so that the ethnicity is adhered to the adaptive behaviors.The reason why the Miao is able to protect its ethnicity and ethnic identity is closely related to the particularity of the process of modernization.Cultural tourism and rural tourism are conducive to the culture of ethnic differences and the environment for the maintenance of local knowledge.It is also beneficial for the member of the ethnic group to capitalized its cultural capitalization.This is one reason why ethnic groups in many cultural tourism areas can protect their ethnic boundaries and ethnicitity.But the adaptive behavior of different groups with different purposes also brings the problems of cultural alienation,the disappearance of cultural differences,cultural inheritance and so on.Which brings the ethnicity of the Miao to change.Moreover,in addition to the impact of the external environment,the most coreelements of impact for the ethnic adherenceand rheologyis human subjectivity,if the member of the ethnic group could adapt,adjust,and change its actual status,meet its own interests and emotional needs,give full play to its cultural consciousness and self-Nature,then its ethnic character can be embodied and adhered to according to environmental requirements by adopting the active ethnic adaptive behavior.Conversely,if the ethnic group and its members can not respond to the environment in a timely manner,the ethnicity will be ablated or weakened under the modernization with an integrated trend.