The Research Of The Pakistan Movement(1905-1947)

The Pakistan Movement played a very important role in the history of South Asian people’s struggle for independence in the 20 th century.This Movement had not only a great influence in the period of British colonial rule,but also a profound impact on contemporary Pakistan.The Pakistan Movement Theories have three main sources.Firstly,it is Saiyid Ahmad Khan’s Theory on Muslim ethnicity,which means that the Indian Muslims and Hindus are two completely different ethnic groups.Secondly,it is Muhammad Iqbal’s Theory of Muslims’ state,which means that the Indian Muslims should establish a political entity in the Indian subcontinent that is totally different from Hindus.Thirdly,it is Muhammad Ali Jinnah’s “Two-nation Theory” which means that Muslims and Hindus are two separate nations,and Muslims have the right to establish a separate state based on “ the Muslim-majority area”.In fact,the Pakistan Movement Theories are not copies of western nationalist theories which are simply applied in the Indian subcontinent.The theoretical inspiration of the three theorists of the Pakistan Movement does not completely come from western nationalist theories,but basically from the unique concept of “quam” in Islam.Among the three,Iqbal has intenser expression of Islam factors in his theory while Jinnah shows more secularism in his theory.To sum up,the Pakistan Movement is a progressive process.It first drew inspiration from the global pan-Islamism,next grew up in the pan-India Movement,then gradually separated from the Hindu nationalist Movement,and last set up Muslim’s own characteristics and implemented it as the modern nation-state proposition of “Pakistan”.Clearly illustrating this process is of both historical and practical significance for understanding the tensions existing in contemporary Pakistan’s national identity.On August 14 and 15,1947,Pakistan and India founded respectively.The birth of Pakistan is the victory of Jinnah’s “Two-nation Theory”.Since the end of the 19 th century,through the constant efforts of several generations of Muslims,they have finally established their own country in South Asia.While rejoicing over the founding of the country,Pakistanis have to face up to the trauma brought about by the partition of British India: the partition of Bengal and Punjab,a large number of refugees,violent conflicts led by the post-partition ethnic migration and the India-Pakistan wars risen by the Kashmir Issue.Notably,there are also some Muslims who objected to the founding of Pakistan.Although these opponents failed in the end,they enriched the historical narrative of the Pakistan Movement and provided a new perspective for examining this historical process.From this point of view,the establishment of Pakistan embodies the dual character of “victory” and “trauma”.In the process of the Muslims’ persistent efforts for “the dream of nation-building” in the Indian subcontinent,they did not have a clear understanding of the “pain” that they might encounter in the coming partition.In other words,even if the “pain” in the future had been predicted,it did not change the overall process of the Pakistan Movement.It was regretful that the “pain” caused by the Pakistan’s Movement cannot be eliminated in the short term.History cannot be reinterpreted.