Research On The Trend Of Populism From The Perspective Of Marxism

The populist thought is a kind of collective social trend.In a broad sense,the populist thought contains extreme civilian thoughts.As a political strategy in search of absolute fairness,it regards the abstract people's opinions as the only legitimate source of political systems and political campaigns,pursues the direct voting democracy of the ordinary people,and deliberately debases or opposes the value and role of elites in society.In a narrow sense,the populist thought reflects different characteristics due to its leftist or rightist deviation politically,economically,and culturally,with serious mass worship,irrationality,and irregularity as its core quality.General Secretary Xi Jinping had noted the destructiveness of the populist thought on many occasions.He believed that the former populist thought fails to change the poor and backward outlook of old China.Meanwhile,the current populist thought has a nonnegligible impact on economic development and social stability from home and abroad and is incompatible with the win-win cooperation philosophy generally recognized in the international framework.Against the backdrop of the all-media era nowadays,the populist thought has been widely spread via self-media and civilian topics,so it desperately needs our rational analysis and proper response.Objectively,populism often focuses on underclass communities and pays attention to discovering and analyzing problems from the angle of civilians.As a result,it plays a certain positive role in collecting public opinion,valuing grassroots,and providing opportunities for the communities who have no access to appeal.But more often,populism tends to create opposition,resort to irrational violence,and render incomplete facts,leading to community division and social conflicts.Although different historical periods may present different forms,populism is,anyway,always attached to the civilian community like the dark matter in physics.It concerns “underclass” and “the general public” under the pretext of “fairness” and “justice”,so it exists long and often erupts and prevails.As an eternal force of uncertainty,it is different from communitarianism and neoliberalism.Also,it is easy to integrate with extreme nationalism and terrorism.Guided by Marxist Theory,this paper takes the classical Marxist writers' relevant exposition on Russia's populist thought as the foundation.Combined with the contemporary performance of the populist thought and drawing on the analysis methods of social,political,and psychological sciences,it analyzes the social soil for the origin and development of the populist thought,the countermeasures,and the hidden reasons behind the phenomenon so as to provide some reference for rationally understanding and responding the populist thought.This paper consists of five chapters in addition to the first chapter of introduction.The second chapter contains two parts.The first part displays the context and the formation and development process of Russia's populist thought.Aside from this,it analyzes how the thoughts of the representative figures and related organizations eventually evolve into the powerful populist thought.The second part fully examines the scientific theory of Marxist classical writers on Russia's populist thought after the 1820 s,systematically grasps the essence of Marx's comments on the representative figures of populism,analyzes the arguments of looking upon Russia's village problem and striding over the Kavdin Canyon with the development point of view,and explores how its alienation thoughts and the lumpenproletariat thought care for and respond to populist thought.Meanwhile,it comprehensively reviews the logical relationship of Engels' attitude towards Russia's populist thought in three stages as well as objectively presents how Lenin criticize Russian populists“utopian” view in the commodity economy and their take on “subjective socialism”.By doing so,it aims to seek the intrinsic essence of populist thought.The third chapter attempts to conduct research progressively.Firstly,under the sinicization of Marxism,it systematically explores how China's early revolutionary pioneers judge Russia's populist thought.Starting from the revolutionary context,it reveals the critical position of China's Marxist pioneers on Russia's populist thought from Li Dazhao's Two-stage Cognitive Theory,Chen Duxiu's Second Revolution Theory,Qu Qiubai's arguments of refuting Russia's populism,and Mao Zedong's Theory of Three Differences with Russian Populists.Secondly,it dialectically analyzes the modern evolution of the populist thought in the context of governance.By exploring the historical implication of the populist thought,it further exhibits that China's academia rationally understands the multi-dimensional semantics,researches on the characteristics of political mobilization and rational cognition of the modern presentation of the core connotation.political mobilization characteristics,and the modern presentation of the contemporary populist thought in the context of governance.The fourth chapter eginning from reality,it analyzes the causes of the populist thought at China of the present from politics,economics,culture,politics,and psychology.With the relevant theories and viewpoints in Marxist philosophy and Marxist political economy as the theoretical foundation,it fully considers the similarities and differences of the populist thought and phenomenon at home and abroad as well as scientifically grasps the multiple reasons for the birth of the populist thought and the laws behind them.The fifth chapter focuses on the damage of the populist thought based on the theoretical thinking that the principal aspect of a contradiction dominates the development of things.It restores the three destructive results of the populist thought of the present to the real society from the dual fields featuring the realistic society and the virtual space.At the same time,discussing the damage of the populist thought and social to the society both at home and abroad with the case-by-case research attitude.Guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era,the sixth chapter sets forth China's experience in preventing and controlling the populist thought economically,politically,culturally,socially,and psychologically.Through the demonstration of new ideas and achievements in the new development stage of socialism with Chinese characteristics,the theoretical and practical results are applied to the prevention and governance of the populist thought,thus contributing Chinese wisdom to the rest of the world.As for the conclusion part,it summarizes the new forms and new trends of the current populist thought,points out the scientific significance of Marxist disciplines in analyzing this systematically issue,expounds the scientific value of the achievements and experience of socialism with Chinese characteristics in preventing and responding the populist thought,and provides reference suggestions for the deeper research in the future.