| In the era of big data,data,as a new factor of production,has evolved into basic resource and strategic resource,which is of great significance to global development.Data contains huge potential and value.Data openness,as one of the new concepts of high-quality digital development,can help to realize data value and the marketization of data elements.As the key institution for data openness,data management,and data governance,the government has credibility,authority,and appeal.According to China Local Government Open Data Report(2021),there are 174 provincial and municipal government data open platforms(excluding Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan).Although the public have access to the government open data,they hold different levels of cognition on the platform,which is not conducive to the in-depth application and reuse of data.In order to achieve greater efficiency and long-term use of government open data,analyzing cognition of government open data users has important theoretical value and practical significance.At present,the government opens data to improve users' awareness and participation in the form of data visualization,knowledge spectrum,data competition and so on,but it still needs to further improve users' cognitive sensitivity of data.The survey found that the proportion of people who remember "stories" and isolated statistics were 63% and 5% respectively,indicating that stories can reduce cognitive load and are more in line with the cognitive psychology and characteristics of the majority of the public.Compared with stories,data stories have three elements including data,narrative and visualization.Based on real data,data stories possess authenticity,reliability and commonness.As a new representation of information,the data story enhances users' cognition of data from a basic level to a deep level,which can improve users' cognitive effect in the process of data acquisition,processing and utilization.This study analyzes the cognition of government open data users according to the logical design of "Problem elicitation-Model Construction-Experiment Examination-Theory Attribution-Resolution Strategy Design".Focusing on the information representation of government open data storytelling,this paper uses qualitative and quantitative methods to explore how data stories affect users' cognition.In short,the use of data visualization and narrative for the government open data enables high efficiency and easier usability for the public to access the government open data platform,improving the acceptance of the government open data.This study is mainly carried out from the following five aspects:Firstly,it identifies the influencing factor model of government open data users' cognition.Within the theoretical framework of S-O-R model,connecting representation theory,technology acceptance model and schema theory,a theoretical hypothesis model of users' cognitive influencing factors of government open data is constructed.The stimulus(S)factor is information representation(action representation,symbolic representation and reflexive representation);the organism(O)factor refers to the perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use reacted by users after being stimulated by the outside world;the response(R)factor is the cognitive response of government open data users,and transcendental schema is used as the moderating variable between perceived usefulness and cognitive response,perceived ease of use and cognitive response.A total 347 valid questionnaires were collected,and the influencing factor model was verified by structural equations.The results show that information representation methods(action representation,symbolic representation and reflexive representation)positively affect perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use,both of which also positively affect users' cognitive response.Transcendental schema plays a regulatory role between perceived usefulness and cognitive response,perceived ease of use and cognitive response,respectively.Secondly,this paper constructs the Users' Cognitive Schematic Affiliation Model of government open data.It analyzes the internal reasons of how data stories activate Users' Cognitive Schematic Affiliation,including dual coding,logical correlation,visual effect and situational perception.Combined with the government open data platform,this paper explores that the government open data reflects the types of cognitive schemas in the mind,and probes into the co-occurrence relationship of cognitive schema and the meaning construction process of schema under assimilation and accommodation.Using system dynamics,this paper constructs the Users' Cognitive Schematic Affiliation Model of government open data from the perspective of data story.Through theoretical analysis and with the help of cognitive construction S ? AT ? R formula,this paper explains that there are two links implicit in the Users' Cognitive Schematic Affiliation Model of government open data: schematic affiliation link and schematic affiliation feedback link.The schematic affiliation link explains how the schema is connected in the process of users' cognition of data story,while the schematic affiliation feedback link further shows that the data story can stimulate schematic affiliation many times and has a reinforcing effect.At the same time,it is learned that the storytelling of government open data will activate more cognitive schema types in users' minds,and then it is easier to trigger schematic affiliation and form a rich cognitive structure network.Thirdly,through experiments,this paper compares and analyzes the cognitive effects of government open data users with and without data stories.An experimental platform for government open data storytelling is constructed within JAVA.The data of COVID-19 in Guiyang is grouped in experiments to generate data stories,and government open data visualization is used as a control group.We designed the user's transcendental schema prediction questionnaire,applied the cognitive load WP test scale and the related knowledge of COVID-19 in Guiyang as the cognitive effect,and tested the cognitive effects of 52 subjects.Objective descriptive analysis and variance test were carried out on the test data,The results show that there are significant differences between the storytelling information representation of government open data and the conventional information representation of government open data,and that the government open data storytelling information representation has lower cognitive load,higher objective performance and better user cognitive effect.We conducted in-depth interviews with six subjects from the experimental group and the control group respectively to reveal the factors affecting the cognitive effect of users,and the interview text content was processed based on the grounded theory of open coding and spindle coding.The experimental group got 15 initial codes and 7 spindle codes,and the control group got 13 initial codes and 5 spindle codes.According to the coding results,the storytelling information representation of government open data is better than the conventional information representation of government open data in cognitive effects in terms of perceived fluency,perceived ease of use,perceived usefulness,sensory stimulation,perceived service,context perception and perceived control.Fourthly,this paper analyzes the cognitive mechanism of government open data users.Based on the previous research experiments,the storytelling information representation of government open data can effectively improve the cognitive effect of users.Here,we further explore and analyze the mechanism of how the storytelling of government open data leads to users' efficient cognition from a theoretical perspective.According to the cognitive classification process theory,combined with the user's cognitive schema meaning construction process,the information representation of the government open data story can trigger the users' multiple cognitive mechanisms,namely double elimination adaptation mechanism,multiple representation driven memory mechanism,multi clue continuous arousal mechanism,schema reorganization association mechanism and autonomous perceptual control mechanism.This paper expounds the storytelling elements of government open data,the relationship between cognitive process and cognitive mechanism,and the evolution relationship between sub cognitive mechanisms.Data story can better start the cognitive schema of users,so as to improve the cognitive effect.Fifthly,this paper develops a strategy of improving the cognition of government open data users.From the perspective of the basic thinking of users' cognition of data-perception,knowledge and insight,this paper gives the cognitive improvement strategy.As for the users' perception of data,it is proposed to build a users' schema association network,cultivate users' mult-perceptual ability,and trigger users' participation behavior of data.In terms of the users' knowledge of data,it is proposed to develop an integrated tool for adaptive data analysis,increase the explicit functions of implicit logic clues of data,and integrate multi-channel data to realize panoramic story description.Regarding the users' insight of data,this paper puts forward the strategies of producing data elimination balance model,data map interpretation model and data value prediction reasoning model.This study analyzes the influencing factors of cognition of government open data users,and finds out that information representation,perceived ease of use,perceived usefulness and a transcendental schema will affect users' cognitive response.In order to improve the cognition of government open data users,data storytelling tools are introduced.Theoretically,it is found that data stories can enhance the users' cognitive schematic affiliation of government open data and trigger a variety of cognitive mechanisms.Practically,the experimental comparison shows that the data story helps to improve cognitive effect of government open data users.It provides theoretical and practical support for promoting the application of data storytelling in the field of government open data,offers new tools and perspectives for solving the cognitive barriers of data users,and formulates relevant strategies for improving users' cognition.In the future,we will continue to optimize the representation of data story information and explore the application effect of data story in the field of government open data. |
PDF Full Text Request