Changes And Thought: The Research On Russian Sport System In Transformation Period

As the largest social system transition country in the world today, Russian reformed its political system fundamentally and its whole economic life according to market economy pattern and promoted its Culture Change by the stand of western' s democracy,freedom and diversification.Its sport system had also occurred great change at the same time.The study takes the changes happening in the sports system in transitional Russian as study object,and involves the conditions that inherited from the history and the various changes of environment that drives the transformation,according to the method which unifies the history and the logic,it involves the two following two aspects: structure of management and source of finance.From the two aspects,this study investigations the causes,content and gain and loss of transition, analyses the impact factor.The initial impact that the democratization reform happening in Russia brings is that power was redistributed between the management organization of country and society and the national sports financial allocation was decreased rapidly.Running stably under state-centered system for a long period,broken by the reform,the sport system seek optimal management system continuously and exploit more financial resources that according to market laws.The orientation of the democratization reform is that the state decrease the direct administrative intervention to sports and gives more autonomy to the social sports organizations.The aim of the democratization reform is to fully arouse society' s enthusiasm to invest in sports field.The former-soviet' s management system that state sports committee integrates with direction,administration execution and supervision was no longer exists,while the power of society sports organizations such as Olympic committee and sports federations etc strengthen constantly. The new 'whole nation system' is practiced gradually in Russia under the market economy condition that keep government management in some extent. In Russia,after the 'shock' therapy,the economic situation experienced the course from dropping greatly to recovering in certain degree,the politic situation experienced the course from disorder to stability,and the sports system transition experienced the following four stages:transitional policy and law was primary established in hard 1990s,the great turn happened in 1999 and sports law was officially issued;human-centered development was raised in 2002 and people begin to focus on the sport' s effect to healthy life style;coordinated development was the keyword 2006 and the 10-year planning was promulgated.Russia sports maybe turnaround from the angel of economic development speed.Russian society system transformation makes its sports walked onto the track of marketization.It have to configurate resources according to market laws;The democratization reform make Russian sports administration gradually walk out of the shadow that the most resources is dominated by state.In the situation of Strengthen national regulation gradually,although the sports administration system experienced the courses from delegating power extremely to getting back power moderately,but general principle that nation formulate policies and regulation,society preside over concrete affairs will not change.National pendulum painful transition progress makes sports suffer great attack and mass sports pay expensive costs for it. Administration system that failed to straighten out for a long time lead to a lot of opposite contradictions that influences the sports transition.The internal power of Russian sports system transformation is the "powerful country spirit" and the authoritarianism in national traditional culture,the faint sense of contract,nationalism and collectivism in village community' s traditional culture.The reform theory of Russian sports system transformation that derived by "powerful country spirit" is diversification under national management.