Study On Physical Characteristics And Evaluation Criteria Of Chinese Elite Short Track Speed Skaters

Short track speed skating is a key event in China's winter sports to win gold medals at the Olympic Games and the task has become even more daunting especially after China won the right to host the 24 th winter Olympic Games in 2022.In recent years,Chinese men's short track speed skaters have developed rapidly in technical and tactical skills,and have reached the level of athletes from advanced countries in the world;nevertheless,they often fall short in the final moments of the World Series because of low energy.Physical deficiency is mainly caused by the low efficiency of physical training.Due to the lack of evaluation standards for athletes' physical characteristics,it is impossible to carry out targeted physical training and scientific monitoring for athletes,which results in a great discount to the effect of physical training for athletes.To explore and analyze the physical characteristics of Chinese men's short track speed skaters,try to develop a suitable evaluation system for China's elite short track speed skaters,so that we can strengthen the construction of the athletes' physical ability of monitoring system and enhance physical ability training effect,this paper adopts the methods of literature,Delphi,test and mathematical statistics to conduct the following research:First,by using the method of literature,the connotation and extension of the physical ability and physical characteristics of short-track speed skaters are theoretically demonstrated,and on this basis,this paper designs 69 primary indexes of physical characteristic test for Chinese elite short track speed skaters.Second,30 test indexes were finally obtained after conducting two rounds of expert screening on the primary test indexes by using the Delphi method.Third,70 elite male short-track speed skaters including 30 athletes and 40 first-level athletes were randomly selected as test objects from the Winter Sports Management Center of Jilin Province and Heilongjiang Province,and their physical characteristics were tested.Fourth,factor analysis was used to analyze the results of the physical characteristic indexes of the short-track speed skaters participating in the test,and the physical characteristic index of macro indicators of the overall project of the Chinese elite male short-track speed skaters were obtained.At the same time,the corresponding evaluation standards were formulated.Fifth,using multivariate regression analysis method,the performance of athletes attending some specific projects,for instance,500 m and 1000 m,1500 m and other Olympic projects as the dependent variable,the results of physical characteristic index in macroscopic project with the factor analysis as the independent variable,the physical characteristic index in micro project of the elite short track speed skaters is obtained,building the corresponding evaluation standards,through stepwise regression analysis on body morphology,physiology and athletic constitution.The physical characteristics model of Chinese elite male short track speed skaters is eventually constructed.Based on the research above,the following conclusions are drawn:1.It is feasible and effective to establish the evaluation standard of physical characteristics of elite athletes by comprehensive use of test method,factor analysis method and multiple regression analysis method.2.The physical characteristics of the elite male short track speed skating athletes of the overall project include morphological characteristics,such as the large degree of body burliness,less fat,good hip muscularity,physiology characteristics,such as strong anaerobic metabolic energy supply and aerobic metabolic energy supply capacity and the ability to quickly eliminate fatigue,athletic constitution characteristics including powerful squat flexor glide alternating anaerobic endurance,strong explosive power of legs pedaling and stretching alternatively,fast moving speed,good balance and support ability of single leg and the ability of rapid adjustment of body posture.Among them,features such as squat flexor glide alternating anaerobic endurance,anaerobic metabolic energy supply capacity and body fullness have a great influence on their athletic performance.3.Physical characteristics of China's elite men's 500-meter short track speed skaters contain the large degree of body burliness,good hip muscularity,strong energy supply capacity of phosphagen system and glycolysis system,high endurance of squat and flexion posture anaerobic,strong explosive power of legs pedaling and stretching alternatively,comprehensive strength,good agility and flexibility,etc.The evaluation indicators include 500-meter ride without seat,10-stage straddle jump,the maximum anaerobic power in 30 seconds,ktolle index,side walk with water bags,average anaerobic power in 30 seconds,hip circumference index and hexagon jump.4.Physical characteristics of China's elite men's 1000-meter short track speed skaters are as follows: the large degree of body burliness,low body fat rate,strong glycolysis energy supply ability,strong fatigue recovery ability,strong anaerobic endurance in squat and flexion posture,fast moving speed,large comprehensive strength,good agility and flexibility,etc.The evaluation indicators include anaerobic endurance in squat,glycolysis energy supply ability and moving speed etc.5.Physical characteristics of China's elite men's 1500-meter short track speed skaters are as follows: the large degree of body burliness,low body fat rate,strong ability of anaerobic metabolism and aerobic metabolism,strong anaerobic endurance in squat and flexion posture,fast moving speed,large comprehensive strength,good agility and flexibility,etc.The evaluation indicators include anaerobic endurance in squat,glycolysis energy supply ability and moving speed etc.