The Mechanism Of Influences Of Common Humanistic Relations Networks On International Services Networks

Since the end of the 20 th century,with the speedy reformation of information technology and the rapid development of modern science,trade in service has developed more and more rapidly,which has already become a new engine of world economic development.The international transaction conducted by trade in services as intangible goods without transfer of ownership has more obvious technical and knowledge attributes than tangible goods trade.Trade in service has more obvious network characteristics because it is directly affected by communication network and computer networks.At the same time,international economic activities are often embedded in the relational network composed of language,religion,social culture of Regional Trade Agreement and institutional protocol relations.Therefore,it is easier for trade in service to be affected by human cultural relations due to its intangibility(without output in physical form),synchronization(simultaneous service supply and consumption)and differences(with great individual differences in supply and demand of services).The research method of complex network can bring the relationss of human culture and trade in service into the same system,and systematically analyze the impact of human cultural relations on trade in service from a macroscopic perspective.Under the circumstance of systematizing the existing relevant literature,this paper systematically conducts in-depth study on the pattern formation of trade in service and the impact mechanism of human cultural relations on trade in service by combining complex network technology,social network theory,international trade theory and econometrics.It mainly provides answers to the following questions: how to effectively conduct mathematics construction for various networks of trade in service and human cultural relations? How to analyze the development and pattern evolution of trade in service from the overall perspective of national nodes and network? How does the network of human cultural relations affect the structure of the network of world trade in service? Is the massive structure of the network of human cultural relations related to the network of trade in service? Does the internal minor structural characteristics of humanistic cultural relations network have an impact on the internal structural characteristics of trade in service?This paper conducts scientific handling and analysis on the network of trade in service and the common human cultural relations network.It builds various networks of trade in service by using the data set of trade in ten services,such as financial service,transportation service,insurance service,tourism services,copyright and royalty services,computer service,communications service,governmental service,construction service and personal cultural entertainment service in 218 countries all over the world from 2006 to 2014 in UNComtrade_EBOPS.It finds that the pattern of world trade in service presents obvious core-periphery structure,and the degree of core is increasing constantly through the analysis by choosing the network size,network connectivity,network heterogeneity and other indexes.At the same time,the major importing and exporting countries taking trade in service as the core have the following characteristics: 1.They have open markets,relatively low market access conditions and complete service trade institutional system.2.There are relatively strong institutional and cultural correlation between these countries.These countries are both big exporters and importers of trade in service,and they have close business contacts with each other in service trade.3.All the major importing and exporting countries of service trade own international service trade enterprise groups.These enterprises have strong financial strength,relatively high technological level in service industry and good international reputation.In addition,their service trade business is all over the world.The study on the common human cultural relations in this paper mainly includes the linguistic and religious relations at the level of social cultural relations,as well as the common Regional Trade Agreement relations at the level of institutional agreements.Through the analysis of these networks,it is found that the common human cultural relations network has more obvious characteristics of community.Based on the basic pattern of the core-periphery structure of world trade in service,this paper elaborates the causes of the core-periphery structure of world trade in service and the influencing mechanism of common human cultural relations on technology transfer of service trade from the perspective of technology monopoly of service trade by combining with social network theory and trade theory.Firstly,the heterogeneity characteristic of exporting enterprises in the core countries of service trade is the primary cause of technology monopoly in service trade.The fixed cost of R&D investment in the service trade enterprises of core countries are even higher than those of goods trade exporting enterprises.Therefore,the productivity of service trade enterprises in core countries should be generally higher than that of goods trade exporting enterprises,so as to have strong technical and economic strength for maintaining their core competitiveness.Relatively speaking,when developing service trade business,there is larger gap between service trade enterprises in peripheral countries and those in core countries in terms of capital investment and technology accumulation.It is difficult for them to catch up with them in technology and to compete against service trade in core countries.Secondly,the intangibility of trade in service brings natural obstacles to technological imitation of peripheral countries.Because of the intangibility of service,there is no specific service products that can be imitated by the service trade enterprises in the peripheral countries.Therefore,the cost and risk of imitation of service trade by the enterprises in the peripheral countries are not lower than that of innovation,thus lacking in imitation stimulation.At the same time,the development of modern communication technology further strengthens the spatial separation of production and consumption of trade in service.It is extremely difficult for enterprises in peripheral countries to imitate the technology of enterprises in core countries.Finally,gaining monopoly profits will encourage enterprises in core countries to control the market through technology monopoly.Technology monopoly of service trade leads to the result that peripheral countries can join the world service trade system only by cooperating with the service trade of core countries to reach profit maximization.Service trade enterprises of core countries become the biggest beneficiaries of service trade,and the gap between core and peripheral countries is widening constantly.However,the common human cultural relations can promote the technology transfer of service trade in core countries in the following three aspects: 1.The communities formed by the common human cultural relations can promote the formation of community of shared interests between peripheral countries and core countries,and use other economic social interests to exchange the core technology of service trade with core countries,so as to promote the technology transfer of service trade.2.Common human cultural relations can reduce the cultural friction between peripheral countries and core countries in the process of technology transfer of service trade.3.Common human cultural relations can increase various channels of communication for technology transfer of service trade.At the same time,it can create more better environment for personnel exchange in technology transfer of service trade,and help enterprises promote the introduction of technical personnel in service trade.Finally,the paper conducts an empirical study on the impact of common human cultural relations on service trade relations and the core and peripheral structure of service trade.In order to empirically test the impact of common human cultural relations on world service trade.This paper puts forward a kind of network metering method called QAP,which is Quadratic Assignment Procedure.It brings human cultural relations network and service trade network into a unified system for empirical testing.The empirical results show that there is a significant correlation between common human cultural relations and trade in service.The greatest impact on trade in service in three different human cultural relations is the relations of common Regional Trade Agreement,the second greatest impact is the relations of common languages,and the smallest is the relations of religion.At the same time,the impact of the same kind of human cultural relations on different trade in service is also different.Among them,the greatest impact brought by common language relations is on tourism trade and intellectual property rights licensing trade.While the smallest impact brought by common language relations is on financial service trade,such as financial and insurance trades.The greatest impact brought by common trade agreement relations is on financial and insurance trades,followed by transportation,construction,computer,communication,personal cultural consumption trade.The smallest impact is on transportation trade.It also conducts empirical test on the impact of common human cultural relations community on the core and peripheral structure of service trade by introducing core stability and Dummy Variables of community and referring to diamond model.The empirical results show that the community structure in common language relations,common religion relations and common regional trade agreement relations has a significant impact on the core and peripheral structure of service trade,among which the large communities have a more significant impact on the core and peripheral structure of service trade than small communities.