Research On The Development Of Fundamental Movement Skills And Movement & Play Intervention For Children Ages 3-6 In Shanghai

In the context of the new era,people has paid more attention to the national health,but the "soft" "hard","stupid" and "dizzy" situation of children is even more worrying.As one of the key pathways to improve health,physical education has moved forward to early childhood stage.The fundamental movement skills of children ages 3-6 are the essential stage in the process of human movement development,which indicates the maturity of individual fundamental movement patterns and the foundation for the formation of more complex motor skills in the future,moreover,it is the focus of early childhood physical education development.Because the research based on the fundamental movement skills of children ages 3-6 is still emerging in China,there aren't many relevant research results,the development of fundamental movement skills can not effectively guide the study of the field of early childhood health.Theoretical and empirical research on the development of fundamental movement skills for children ages 3-6 has been initiated in order to better serve the healthy growth of them.Based on the current status and trends of the research on children's fundamental movement skills development,this study selected the TGMD-3 as the assessment tool to evaluate the fundamental movement skills of 2,632 children ages 3-6 in different districts of Shanghai,and analyzed the characteristics and patterns of the fundamental movement skills development.We used the National Physical Fitness Standards Manual(Early Childhood)to test the physical fitness of 1,113 children to clarify their current physical fitness level.The questionnaires of "Factors influencing the development of fundamental movement skills of young children(parent version)" and "Factors influencing the development of fundamental movement skills of young children(teacher version)" were prepared,and surveys were conducted among 1226 parents of young children and 163 kindergarten teachers to clarify the family environment and kindergarten physical activity environment regarding the development of children's fundamental movement skills.Further,mathematical and statistical analysis methods were used to investigate the effects of children's physical fitness,family environment,and kindergarten physical activity environment on the development of children's fundamental movement skills.Based on the ISD model,young children's movement & play intervention program was developed and implemented,which effect on improving the movement competency of children ages3-6 was verified through the twelve-week movement & play teaching intervention experiment with small,medium and large groups of children.This research has obtained the following conclusions:1.The development of fundamental movement skills of children ages 3-6 in Shanghai is uneven.(1)The development of fundamental movement skills generally tends to increase with age(except for 6-year-olds),and the development of locomotor skills is better than that of ball skills.4.0-and 4.5-year-olds encounter a "plain effect" in the development of fundamental movement skills,with no significant change.The best development of each age group was in running,slide,and catch,while the weakest development was in skip,jump,and kick.(2)There were significant gender and age differences in the levels of all types of fundamental movement skills,the age at which the significant differences occurred differed for different types of movement skill items,with the ball skills varying less across ages than the locomotor skills.Boys' fundamental movement skill levels were significantly better than girls' levels in all categories(except for the 3.0-year-old girls' dribling and catching,the 6-year-old girls' dribling),and locomotor skill scores were less variable by gender than ball skills2.Fundamental movement skills development of children ages 3-6 is influenced by physical fitness,family and kindergarten environment.(1)There were significant positive correlations between young children's physical fitness and locomotor skills,ball skills,and total level of fundamental movement skills.The correlation between tennis toss and ball skills,total level of fundamental movement skills,the correlation between continual jumping on both feet and total level of fundamental movement skills were relatively higher particularly.The physical fitness of young children can predict and reflect the total level of fundamental movement skills to a certain extent,especially for strike one hand and hop skills are more predictive.(2)Parents' emphasis on crawling in early parenting,financial investment in sports,and the number of extracurricular sports classes they enrolled their children in all had significant positive effects on the development of fundamental movement skills.Physical education is one of the effective ways to promote the development of children's fundamental movement skills.The degree of use of different teaching strategies in physical education,such as participation in activities,encouragement and motivation,and analysis and summarization,all have significant effects on the development of fundamental movement skills.3.According to the ISD model,the intervention scheme of young children's movement & play is developed.Following the laws of the movement development model,the characteristics of children's physical and dynamic system theory,the young children's movement & play scheme was developed,following the steps of analysis,design,development,implementation and evaluation,with the core competencies of PE & heath as the design concept,forming a vertical progressive and horizontal multidimensional movement &play intervention goal and content system.Creating a supportive movement environment for young children through a closed-loop intervention implementation process and diverse evaluation methods,which helps to extend the time and space of their movement & play games,improve the interest in movement & play participation.4.Children ages 3-6's movement & play intervention based on fundamental movement skills to improve their movement competency.The implementation of young children's movement & play intervention improved the fundamental movement skills level of children ages 3-6,the locomotor skills of children in the small group,the improvement of the ball skills of middle and large groups and the overall fundamental movement skills of large groups was particularly significant.The improvement of explosive power of small group,lumbar and abdominal strength of middle and large groups,balance,flexibility and explosive power of large group were more significant.The effect of movement & play intervention on the overall movement competency of boys aged 3-6 years was more obvious than that of girls.