The Research Of Rural Social Change In The Areas Of The Northwest Ethnic Corridor Of Han-tibetan Integration Zone

From the perspective of social change,this article analyzes the change process of livelihoods,culture,and spatial social relations in the three villages in the Han-Tibetan intersecting zone of the Northwest Ethnic Corridor since 1958.At the same time,it also analyzes how the key factors of social change affect the development in the different stages of the village and what its possible consequences are produced.On this basis,it discusses the change mode and future development path of the multi-ethnic area.The study took three villages in a river basin of Tianzhu County as the field points,located at the junction of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,the Inner Mongolia Plateau,and the Loess Plateau.Using the methods of multi-point ethnography,semi-structured interviews,and life history research to collect data,and using comparative sociological methods for analysis,three pictures of changes in communities with different characteristics were drawn.At first,a very abnormal phenomenon in the farming-pastoral village attracts the author's attention,that is,many animal husbandry greenhouses are being built,while the number of animal husbandry is rapidly declining.In contrast,the upstream village is dominated by animal husbandry.It has expanded the scale of animal husbandry through the construction of greenhouses,and the economy has developed rapidly.The villages located downstream are dominated by planting.It enters the fresh vegetable market through greenhouse cultivation and develops the village economy.It can be seen from the comparison that the supporting policies for the construction of greenhouses have produced different effects in the three villages.Since the collective period,the main livelihood of the villagers has undergone a fractured change process,from a mixed livelihood model of agriculture and animal husbandry to a work-based livelihood model and then to an agriculture-based livelihood model.This is in sharp contrast with the continuous investment and development of the upstream pastoral areas in animal husbandry,and the long-term sustainable development of agricultural livelihoods in the downstream agricultural areas.The study found that the proportion of agricultural and animal husbandry resources in semiagricultural and semi-pastoral areas is similar.In a market-oriented environment,although it can withstand the risk of a single livelihood,it also makes it difficult for agricultural and animal husbandry products in the region to be competitive in the market.Compared with nearby villages with relatively single resources,its degree of specialization is relatively limited in its development.In terms of cultural customs,the semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral area is also a zone where the Han and Tibetan ethnic groups live together.After the Economic Reform and Open Up,Tibetan cultural elements have gradually been absorbed.However,in the cultural appeals and expressions of the villagers,the villagers have combined the Tibetan herdsman culture with the Han.The agricultural culture has been ingeniously integrated,and the cultural form and spiritual core of the ethnic group are broken and reorganized here,forming a phenomenon of interacting and blending of the Han-Tibetan ethnic culture.Compared with the upstream pastoral areas with strong customs and cultural atmosphere of Tibetan herdsmen,and the downstream agricultural areas that have maintained traditional farming customs for a long time,the Han-Tibetan area has formed an obvious diversified feature,and the ethnic cultures are fully integrated here.From the perspective of changes in the spatial social network,with multiple livelihoods and cultural elements coexisted in the corridor,the social network of villagers also presents the characteristics of flexibility and diffusion.Under the influence of the push and pull of the internal and external network,the village's ability to cope with social risks become weaker.Comparing the characteristics of the changes in the three villages from various dimensions,we can see that the government,the market,and actors are the main influencing factors that determine the social changes in the village.In different periods,the influence mechanism of the same factor in the village is relatively consistent.The government has continuous influence,the degree of marketization continues to increase,and social relations are becoming more and more loose.These characteristics together affect the change process of the three villages.At the same time,comparing the three villages,it can be found that the community at the core of economic and cultural integration has not yet been able to find a development position from the national policy and market guidance after the Economic Reform and Open Up.The spontaneous exploration of local actors presents a diverse,intertwined,and unstable structural feature,which in turn shows greater unsustainability in the development.The study found that policy and market intervention strategies are relatively difficult to obtain expected results in this area where economy,culture,administration,social relationship,and other factors are integrated,and it is difficult to sustainably promote local economic development.Although individual actors in the region have made many active attempts,the overall development of this region is still relatively limited due to the dispersion of individual power and the limitation of decision-making capabilities.Going out of the village case,we can see from the villages along the Northwest Ethnic Corridor that different policies,market environments,and cultural elements converge here to form a corridor landscape of multiple coexistence.However,regional economic development is fragmented,phased,and unstable.The research suggests that,in the current rural revitalization research,more attention should be paid to such ethnic areas with diverse livelihoods and cultural forms.Meanwhile,local governments should get rid of the governance model that stimulates short-term development as soon as possible.Considering the particularity of the region,such regions should be given relatively flexible choices and support space,using the advantages of mixed resources,and jointly exploring a long-term development mechanism suitable for the region,so that a sustainable development path can be formed.