| Business activity, an important activity for human existence and development, is a series of exchanges in obtaining material, information, energy and so on. With the completion of the reforms of local government agencies at various levels in China in 2010, administrative bodies concerning business have been established not only at the national level but at provincial, municipal and county (district) levels, and business, the most ancient trading activity, has been given new connotations of the times.Currently, in China's business arena, baffling and frightening new names such as "lean meat power" (clenbuterol), "leather-protein milk", "refined sewer oil" "shrimp-cleansing powder" are challenging the bottom line of ethics. The present status of "business going up hill whereas social morality going to the dogs" has initiated a reflection on the "business- for-business's-sake" mono-subject, mono-layer and mono-approach research model. Business activity has its own law of operation, business characteristics and internal mechanisms. Business ethics is not the particular application of "general ethics" to the business arena, but an entirely new ethical model that is the three-in-one combination of public organizations (government), semi-public organizations (trade associations and chambers of commerce) and non-public organizations (enterprises) with the merge of micro (business and professional) ethics, meso (business organizational) ethics and macro (business institutional) ethics. This paper holds that illegal profit obtained by dishonest means on the part of the business subject is the major problem in business ethics. To constitute a "three-in-one" standard business ethical system with micro, meso and macro ethics, to give full play business ethics subject by relying on public opinion, people's beliefs and traditional customs to adjust, regulate and even punish the behavior of business subjects should be the most important components in establishing socialist core value and core value system, and should also be a major approach to solve the kernel problem in business--the problem of ethics and profits.The author, basing his argument mainly on Marxism and collectivism, tries to analyze typical cases that jeopardize professional, organizational and institutional ethics, and discuss the generating mechanisms of ethical conflicts and possible solutions. The paper argues that business ethical conflict arises when the business subject is faced with two, three or more predicaments in ethical choices. In this sense, business ethical norm is the order of choice by business subject when faced with two, three or more interest-related choices. The paper suggests that various interests can be divided into social (public), organizational (local) and personal (private), and argues that social interest should be put before organizational interests, and organizational interest should be put before personal interest. This socialist collective principle should be used to guide the construction of business professional, organizational, and institutional ethics, and research should be done to explore the establishment of a business ethical system of the entire society to prevent business misbehavior.The main contents of this paper, as part of the research result of "socialist core value system and core values research"(09AZD005), a key national-social-science-fund project, are as follows:(1) A comprehensive research on the micro, meso and macro business ethical norms. The paper analyzes the necessity, feasibility and limitation in building a standard business ethical system with a combination of public organization (government), semi-public organization (industrial associations and chambers of commerce) and non-public organization (enterprises), explores the status of the missing ethics in contemporary Chinese business arena and the reasons behind, and suggests a framework for a Chinese business ethical norm in a harmonious society.(2) Research on micro business professional ethics. With role conflict in the role theory as an entry point, the paper explores the types of business professional ethical dilemma, makes a comprehensive analysis of the professional values, or individual values, in the context of social values and organizational values, explores the relationship between this ethics and the social and organizational values, and renders a framework for business ethical norms.(3) Research on meso business organizational ethics. The paper analyzes the role of business organizations in the entire organizational system in China, explores the metaphysical essence of the existence of business organizations--the economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic measurements of their social responsibilities by looking at the components of these organizations, makes an initial theoretical exploration of the driving power of its internal mechanism-- "sticking to the norm while making profits", and puts forward a virtuous business organizational value system.(4) Research on macro business institutional ethics. The paper explores the internal characteristics, cultural support and ethical connotations of the demand of business institutional values on the basis of an analysis of the values, limitations, and relative characteristics, and suggests a standard ethical system in international commerce, domestic commerce, e-commerce, and investment promotion from the perspective of administrative functions.(5) Research on how to realize the business ethical norm in China. The paper explores the approaches to realize China's business ethical norms from the angles of business subjects, business mechanisms and business organizations. The business subject approach contains the establishment of an interacting system, in the light of system theory, to construct an entire society business ethical system with media (advocator), business associations and chambers of commerce (raiser), the government (controller) and enterprises (executor), and explores the functional responsibilities of the subjects in this system; the business mechanism approach demands the exploration of the endogenous generative system of business ethics transformation from heteronomy to self-discipline from four aspects:strengthening business management, perfecting laws and regulations, intensifying ethical education and improving evaluation system; the organizational approach should include the preliminary explorations of the organizational supporting mechanism in achieving business ethics, and the explorations of the establishment of China's business credit organizational framework, using America's market domination type, Europe's government domination type or Japan's business domination type as reference:the responsibilities of three ethics management offices, namely the Intelligent ID as a carrier of personal integrity and ethics management office, intelligent industrial and commercial business license as a carrier of enterprise honesty and ethics management office, and intelligent organizational code certificate as a carrier of government integrity and ethics management office, the exploration of establishing a "green,white,yellow, red" alert punitive mechanism for misbehavior and establishing a new economic development order in which "the good and the evil will each meet their deserved end respectively'... |
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