Study Of Chinese Gini Coefficient Issues

After the reform and opening up three decades of rapid growth, China's economic aggregate ranked second in the world, and has reached a relatively high level. However, long-term sustainable growth also inevitably bring some side effects, such as the widening income distribution gap. Fair and appropriate income gap help to mobilize the residents'enthusiasm for production workers, thus contributing to the rapid development of the overall economy. However, considering the current income gap, China has developed into a serious stage, large income gap has dampened the enthusiasm for production of low-income groups, which not only can not continue to add powerful engine for economic growth, but instead a threat to social stability. Common prosperity is an essential requirement of socialism, there can be a large disparity in the economic development process of a stage, but not long exist. At present, building a harmonious society and realizing the great " Chinese Dream " is the historical background, how to narrow the widening income gap, has risen to the position and was equally important to maintain rapid economic growth. Therefore, this article aims to has a more comprehensive and realistic understanding of China's income distribution gap.In this paper, literature research, comparative analysis, qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis are main analysis methods. On the basis of the literature and a careful reading of the carding system, this paper firstly analyse the applicability and limitations of Gini Coefficient in China. Secondly, followed by a new empirical method, we calculate the country's "stable Gini coefficient", and through our empirical fitting Kuznets inverted U curve, determine the level of China's Gini coefficient cordon. Again, using of empirical results earlier, we analyse the affecting factors of China's Gini coefficien. Finally, in reference to the basis of the other six countries adjusting income distribution gap experience, from the overall perspective and the three level distribution, we give some relevant policy recommendations about how to narrow the income gap of Chinese residents.Chapter1is an introduction. First, from the theoretical, historical and realistic dimensionality, we describes the background of this paper. Then we analyze the significance, research methods, research ideas of the article, the research purpose and contents. Finally, we introduces the research difficulties and possible innovations of this paper.Chapter2is a literature review, is divided into two parts. The first part of this article is to introduce some of the basic research relating to the theory of income distribution, including Marx's theory, the theory of income distribution in other Western school of economics and contemporary economists income gap theory The second part is a review of foreign and domestic research Gini coefficient.Chapter3is the argument of this article, is the most important chapter in this paper. This chapter analyse the applicability and limitations of the Gini coefficient in China. First, the combination of the four conditions and the Gini coefficient The Gini coefficient is perfect for four of its own shortcomings, this chapter lists the five aspects of the existing grounds theorists criticize the Gini coefficient does not apply. Through these five reasons refuted one by one, affirmed the applicability of the Gini coefficient in China. Based on the analysis on the applicability of this chapter and systematic analysis of four aspects of the Gini coefficient defects exist in the current Chinese applications, including:a statistical data can not reflect the real income;2defects existing algorithms Gini coefficient;3internationally accepted warning level of0.4in our NA4. influence factors of the Gini coefficient is not clear. Finally, the limitations of these four areas, the corresponding correction approach proposed in this chapter. Statistics for the problem, the paper four empirical calculation of five, six chapters, the introduction of CHFS microdata comparison with macro data is calculated based on Statistics; Gini coefficient of existing algorithms for the problem, the paper in the fourth chapter one does not rely on any assumption of pure mathematical derivation of the new algorithm to calculate the empirical; against0.4cordon question does not apply, the paper in the fifth chapter of the empirical calculated by Kuznets curve fitting of the Gini coefficient alert line level; against factors unclear issues in Chapter VI of this article by using principal component analysis, empirical analysis of influencing factors and the role of the Gini coefficient, with a view of the problem of income inequality has a more comprehensive and in-depth understanding.Chapter4is a calculation of the Gini coefficient. Existing algorithms theorists on our overall Gini coefficient, are dependent on certain assumptions, and these assumptions are there more or less irrational. Therefore, this chapter analyzes the particularity of the Gini coefficient calculated on the basis of using the method of pure mathematics, derive a new expression of the Gini coefficient, and defines it as "stable Gini coefficient." Statistics based on data and CHFS data, calculate the corresponding chapter of the Gini coefficient.Chapter5is the Gini coefficient of determination of the cordon. First, this chapter analyzes the impact of the seven factors cordon Gini coefficient levels. Secondly, respectively, based on Bureau of Statistics data and CHFS data, by fitting our Kuznets inverted U curve, empirical calculation of the overall level of China's Gini coefficient cordon and sub-urban and rural areas. Among them, the official Gini coefficient calculated based on the overall level of0.494cordon, based on "stable Gini coefficient" to calculate the Gini coefficient cordon overall level of0.4632, based on data calculated CHFS overall Gini coefficient cordon level of0.49394621. Meanwhile, we also calculated the Gini coefficient of urban and rural cordon respective levels of0.4465and0.4349respectively. Combining the results of two data, we believe that0.493is more suitable as a country's Gini coefficient cordon.Chapter6is the empirical analysis of factors affecting the Gini coefficient. First, from the theoretical level, this chapter analyzes the five aspects Gini coefficient possible influencing factors. Secondly, respectively, based on Bureau of Statistics data and CHFS data, empirical calculation of the factors affecting China's Gini coefficient. In two dimensions, the chapter more consistent estimation results obtained from the government perspective, the increase in government spending does not improve the status of income inequality, which is behind the structure of fiscal expenditure and have a great relationship.Chapter7is to adjust the income gap between international experience and enlightenment. For many, many angles to understand foreign experience, the chapter chose the United States, Japan and South Korea three countries, Sweden has chosen such a high-welfare typical countries. It also chose this with our developing country like Brazil and India, a detailed analysis of the six countries to adjust income distribution gap experiences and lessons. Experience of six countries on China's narrowing the income gap has some inspiration to play the main role in the regulation reflects employment, taxation, social security, education, poverty alleviation and development in these areas.Chapter8is the policy recommendations of adjusting income distribution gap. First, from the general level, given the enhanced overall economic strength, deepen economic reform and promote basic reforms three proposals. Secondly, distribution, redistribution, and the third angle of the initial allocation given targeted recommendations accordingly. The main point of this chapter is that taxes and social security narrowing the income gap between China's current residents should rely, on the two best ways. The perfect system construction, it is possible to narrow the income gap between policy effective primary guarantee.Chapter9is the main conclusions and research prospects.On the basis of the text of theoretical analysis and empirical analysis, we draw the following conclusions:Gini Coefficient in China is applicable; urban-rural gap is still high overall Gini coefficient of the important reasons; country's Gini coefficient has not exceeded the warning level level;"big government " management model does not improve the status of income inequality; raise the level of education does not significantly improve the individual level income inequality. Finally, income statistics, the Ginij coefficient and the Gini coefficient cordon three factors proposed further research Prospects Chinese Gini coefficient problem.This article has the following possible innovations:1. Construct Chinese Gini coefficient applicability analysis frameworkIn the third chapter of the argument part, we constructed the Gini coefficient Chinese applicability analysis framework. This framework includes, first of all, given the conditions in four areas perfectly suited Gini coefficient; Secondly, it analyzes four aspects defects Gini coefficient own existence; once again, citing the existing theory does not apply to criticism of China's Gini coefficient five aspects of the grounds and through the analysis of each of these five reasons, this paper argues, these areas not only did not deny that the reason the applicability of the Gini coefficient in our country, and some even more proof of China's Gini coefficient is perfectly suitable for this indicator. By constructing the Gini coefficient Chinese applicability analytical framework, the paper affirmed the applicability of the Gini coefficient in China.2. Using official survey data and civil investigation data as comparisonIn the empirical part of this paper, four, five, six chapters, we have empirical analysis of the survey data with the Chinese Bureau of Family Financial Research Center (CHFS) survey data to compare Southwestern University of Finance and adoption. Official statistics released by the Bureau of Statistics and the CHFS micro data from different sources. The former mode of data collection is a journal-style, while CHFS data is through questionnaires memories get in the way. Two kinds of survey methods have their advantages and disadvantages, but also complementary. Complementarity between the two is that the timing of the Bureau of Statistics to the main section of representative data and CHFS wider. Therefore, we use a combination of two data empirical analysis confirms the conclusions can mutually complement each other.3. Determine the cordon of Chinese Gini CoefficientBecause of the overall level of economic development, social security system, the national ideology, the Gini coefficient changes in direction and speed, urban-rural dual structure, the income gap between the internal structure, the level of industrialization and urbanization, and other aspects of Western developed countries, there is a big difference, therefore applicable to cordon level Gini coefficient of0.4in Western countries, does not apply to our country. Through our empirical fitting Kuznets inverted U curve, using Bureau of Statistics data and CHFS data combination to determine the0.493Gini coefficient for the country's overall level of the cordon.4. Confirm the influence factors of Chinese Gini CoefficientChina's Gini coefficient factors varied, academia generally considered factors include economic growth rates of economic growth, the proportion of foreign investment rate, influencing factors of education, unemployment and so on a personal level, as well as expenditure, factors affecting the coverage of social insurance and other social security levels, and many sorts of other factors. Through mathematical models and empirical studies of principal component analysis, scientifically determine the factors that affect China's Gini coefficient and its role.