The Influence Of Industry Heterogeneity On Creative Capacity Of Regions

At present,China's regional economy development is faced with many problems including the industrial convergence,variations among industries and regional creative capacity.This study reveals industry heterogeneity on the basis of China's current industrial divisions and structures,and measures the level of creativity in all regions.The study particularly analyses industry promotion mechanism of creative ability on heterogeneity from the point of industrial organization,economic growth and agglomeration theory.It attempts to present explanation in the current unbalanced regional economic development level in China,and lacking core competitiveness,paralyzing industrial transformation and upgrading,as well as offer policies to promote transformation and upgrading of industries under the new normal economy in terms of optimizing regional creative environment,improving creative capacity,developing creative industries and building creative cities.Contents mainly have composed of three parts:(1)it puts forward to the measurement of regional creative capacity and evolution analysis of the industrial heterogeneity under the practice of the creative economy;(2)it gives a theoretical and empirical research about influence of industrial heterogeneity on creativity under the environment of China's industrial development;(3)it explores empirical study on the influence of industrial heterogeneity on the creative class cluster and the capital agglomeration with the Chinese experience.The above three parts includes two chapters respectively,with the starting point of analysis,interpretation and forecast about market structure and behavior of different regions in China.Part I describes and analyses the demands,cultures,labor productivity,asset specificity and natural endowments differences by production inputs index based on mechanism of evolutionary logic of heterogeneity,and then calculates the heterogeneity factor inputs of labor and capital to achieve,through the labor heterogeneity indexes and capital elements heterogeneity indices weighted average calculation of heterogeneity;Lastly it constructs the creativity index containing the region tolerant,technical and creative class in order to measure creative ability.According to the theoretical models and empirical tests,part II and part ? work out the effect of heterogeneity on the creative ability and mechanism from the perspective of integration and industrial organization theory.Major findings are summarized as follows:(1)Significant characteristics of regional heterogeneity of industry structure in China shows a "L" curve characteristic:first,the economic heterogeneity of the industry structure is caused by the heterogeneity of production inputs such as labor and capital.Market demands,cultural diversity-driven,productivity differences,natural endowments differences,and intra-industry specialization leading by asset specificity,which further led to the redistribution of labor and capital supply.Redistribution of production factors breaks the original industry structure and results in a new industrial structure,while the heterogeneity of specialization corresponding to the industry structure.Second,with the continuous improvement of information,every link of the industry chain is in the pursuit of the same profits,therefore industries content converge and industrial chain shorten instead of extension,with locking and path dependence effect being obviously and low level of heterogeneity.From heterogeneity index scores,the heterogeneity scores of provinces and autonomous regions in China are gradually increasing from 2004 to 2012,which means that the degree of heterogeneity across narrow,also means that the Chinese economy is at a stage of rapid development,but has not yet reached the advanced level,so the heterogeneity characteristics of industrial structure is still in the decline process of "L" curve.(2)Significant differences have been in regional creative capacity with low overall level in China:first,creative ability with regional characteristics reflects the creative class and the regional agglomeration of the creative industries.Social tolerance,technology and talent level determines the differences of creative index in east and western regions,and the "3T" level is decided by the regional natural endowments.Creative index distribution in China shows significant differences between the eastern and western regions from2004 to 2012.In 2012,the average score of the eastern region is 0.251 higher than that in the western region,5 times more than the west,by far away from the mid-west area.As capital,talent,technology and other factors continue to float to the east with growing congestion costs,which gradually shows negative externalities of industrial development,living conditions,social tolerance is inferior to the mid-west area,the creative class is gradually shifting to the central and western regions.Needless to say,creativity scores gap is narrowing between the east and west,from 0.261 in 2004 to 0.251.Second,the overall level of national innovative capacity is weak,and there is a downward trend.The creative economy is a large initial investment,long period of return,and the slow effectiveness of economic development.China is also in the early stage of the creative economy,meantime creative power is relatively weak.Despite the creative ability of individual areas,such as Guangdong which creative index is 0.958 in 2004,but national average index is only 0.184.And based on the long-term dynamic observation,especially the national average creative index scores fall from 0.184 in 2004 to 0.178 in 2012;In most areas,particularly in some developed areas such as Shanghai,creative index score has decreased rather than increased which means economic levels and urban scale do not have a good creative environment and a high level of originality.Often it is due to the big cities of developed economy and more likely to cause serious crowding effect.(3)The industry heterogeneity has significantly promoted the regional creative capacity.Heterogeneity structure influences creative tolerance,concentration and distribution of technology and talent through the specialization of heterogeneity in production factors,thus effects the creative ability.The study has different focus on components of creative index between the capital heterogeneity and labor heterogeneity.Capital heterogeneity can promote tolerance and increase in personnel,while labor heterogeneity promotes the progress of technology and talent.(4)The industry heterogeneity enhances the concentration of the creative class and cultural capital.On one hand,diversified industrial structure means a diverse range of investment opportunities and diversification of career choices,and also means low cost of investment and employment,which can attract the concentration of the creative class and cultural capital.On the other hand,the stronger of the industry heterogeneity,the higher degree of specialization.With the development of modern information technology,refined division of labor leads to the indefinite extension of the industrial value chain,and networking among the industrial segments has gradually translated from competition to cooperation.Agglomeration becomes the new trend in order to obtain spillover effects of cooperation on which agglomeration effect and reducing transaction costs play important roles.Cultural capital taking human capital and creativity as the core,and flowed along with the movement of the creative class,the creative class gathering is bound to lead to agglomeration of cultural capital.The stronger of industry heterogeneity,the more diversity and openness of inclusive creative environment can be shaped,and the better concentration of the creative class and cultural capital can be attracted.