Research On The Driving Mechanism Of Corporate Social Responsibility Among State-owned Enterprises

Corporate social responsibility(CSR)research both from theoretical and empirical perspectives has been gradually thorough in China.However,it is still in the initial stage to study on the social responsibility of state-owned enterprises(SOE-SR).State-owned enterprises(SOEs)play pivotal roles in the China's development as one of the vital pillars of the national economy.SOE-SR not only reflects the value as a general enterprise,it also contains the natural value as a " state-owned" enterprise.as an institutional arrangement,the development of SOEs in the current stage and the future is the co-evolution result of enterprises,economy,and society since the Economic Reform and Opening-up.Accordingly,SOE-SR,is inevitably the co-evolution result of the inside and outside of the enterprise,the economy and society,as well as the macro-and micro-environment.Based on the extant studies on CSR from the western countries,the dissertation reveals the essence and attributes of Chinese SOE-SR,by clarifying the characteristics of the Chinses economy and the revolution process of SOEs through a large number and multi-types of surveys and interviews.The dual attributes of SOEs as " state owned”and "enterprise" determine that the concept of current SOE-SR should follow the principles of the Marx's political economy,the socialist economic system with Chinese characteristics,and Xi Jinping thought on socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era,in a " M" shape.From the triangular perspectives of the regulations,compositions,and developing mode of the economy,this dissertation systematically draws three dimensions of the new requirements for SOE-SR,which are the economic system with Chinese characteristics,closely linking with the national strategy of" Five in One",and promoting " the new development mode" of innovation,coordination,greenness,openness,sharing.The dissertation characterizes the basic concepts of SOE-SR are as "particularity","regulation" and "generality",and develops the corresponding matrix by combining with the characteristics of the industries that SOEs are in,which as " monopoly","public welfare" and " competitiveness ".Through conducting empirical research,this dissertation identifies the insides and outside driving factors of SOE-SR practices,and develops driving mechanism of SOE-SR implementation based on the multi-cases analysis.The dissertation develops three gaming models of Nash equilibrium to analyze the development of SOE-SR by using Cobb Douglas theorem,which thoroughly reveal the development process of SOE-SR.The optimal investment combination between the government and enterprises coincides with SOEs" reforming process in different stages.Based on the principle-agent theory of multi-level gaming,this dissertation thoroughly analyzes the inter-relations among the government,SOEs,the society,the market and the managers.It finally finds out the optimal investment strategy of SOEs and the government on SR and extends to managers' equity incentives,which contributes to discovering the paths to SOEs' performance improvement through SR practice.The main work and conclusions of the dissertation are listed as follows:(1)It identifies the internal and external drivers of SOE-SR practices.According to the framework of ISO 26000 standards of CSR,this dissertation puts forward the driving factors of SOE-SR implementation from external institutionalized and internal value-driven perspectives,combining with the "M" shaped conceptual framework.Based on the surveys on 147 large-sized and medium-sized SOEs on SR,this dissertation uses factors analysis to identify six practices factors,three externally institutional pressure factors and one internal pressure factor.Specifically,external institutional drivers include coercive,normative,and mimetic factors.Coercive drivers outside do not significantly relate to any of six SOE-SR practices;normative drivers significantly and positively drive the SOE-SR practices of philanthropic behavior,fair management practice,production practice and employee rights.Mimetic drivers significantly affect the consumer-related practices of SOE-SR.The internal value of SOEs has significant influence on the four sub-dimensions of SR practices.In addition,media attention is a significantly external driver of SOE-SR practices.More importantly,the dissertation shows that the recognition of SOE managers on SR has become increasingly positive and active,such recognition would inevitably promotes the development of SOE-SR.(2)It develops the driving model of SOE-SR practices.By multi-cases comparison study on Dalian Anywide Group Co.,Ltd,Dalian Metro,Wafangdian Bearing Group Corp.,Ltd,Anstell Group Co.,Ltd,Zhonghang Heibao Co.,Ltd,this dissertation empirically discovers the driving mechanism of SOE-SR practices and specific paths from drivers to practices.As a result,external drivers include market pulling,government promotion and social pushing.Among them,market pulling is the key driving force for SOES to fulfill their social responsibility,which includes three sub-factors:industry competition,corporate image and customer demand.Government promotion is the basic driving force for SOE-SR implementation,including two sub-factors of laws®ulations,and government supervision.Social pushing includes media supervision from both the media and social organizations.The internal driving force of SOE-SR implementation comes from the managerial recognition,while the three external driving forces must also need the managerial recognition so as to finally promote SOE-SR.(3)Establish the game model of social responsibility practice enhancement for the main stakeholders of state-owned enterprises The dynamic investment strategy results of three Nash equilibria are highly in accordance with the historical development of SOE-SR in China.By extending from the single-phased model of SOE-SR gaming analysis,this study establishes the multi-stage game model based on the view of SOE managers.Based on the extant studies that uses the consistent form of profit function,this dissertation further uses Cobb-Douglas function to describe the relationship between the investment to the market and CR,with the hypothesis of a consistent technology level of SOEs.This dissertation also explores the effectiveness of stock options incentive for managers in SOE-SR implementation,by analyzing the games among the government,SOEs,the society,the market,and managers' recognition.It finds the Nash Equilibrium point of the above games as the optimal solution of stock option incentive percentage,with which SOEs could evaluate managers' activeness and performance in CSR management.The result is that it is necessary to re-adjust the weights in evaluating the short-term earnings and CSR implementation,so that the managers' earnings from either side are completely equivalent.Otherwise,managers will not make any effort in improving the one with low marginal earning.This work provides the theoretical support for the government to make relevant policies,scientifically use and manage the leaders of state-owned enterprises,and provides the scientific basis for the government to make the details of the quota of option incentive for the managers of state-owned enterprises.