Study On The Model And Formation Path Of Sharing Economy Organizations From The Perspective Of Resource Orchestration

The sharing economy is a new type of economic form and resource allocation in the context of the Internet era,it is specifically manifested in the use of network platforms to transfer between individuals or organizations to maximize the use of products or services.China has become a leader in the global sharing economy area.National strategies for the sharing economy have appeared in government work reports many times.A large number of enterprises based on the sharing economy such as Didi Chuxing and Helloglobal showed up quickly.As a collection of productive resources,enterprises in the sharing economy are growing organizations,which can be named as sharing economy organizations.The business practices relying on this have reached the accumulation of traditional enterprises for decades or even hundreds of years in a short period,many of which have rapidly grown into "Unicorn" or "Gazelle" enterprise.For example,Didi Chuxing was established in 2012 and is already the world's second-largest online trading platform after Taobao.Based on this,two major research questions are proposed.Research question 1,what is the sharing economy organizational model?Research question 2,how are the various resources and participants in the sharing economy organized together?Which is the study of the formation path of the sharing economy organization.A review of existing research found that:the resources used by sharing economy organizations have been widely dispersed throughout society for a long time,which makes it difficult to make full use of them.In the absence of the resource advantages of traditional economic organizations,sharing economic organizations,with the help of digital technology platforms operated by enterprises,activate social and economic participants,form an interactive network,improve the efficiency of trading and sharing,and realize the ingenious arrangement of the connected resources.While carrying out the above resource management actions,the sharing economy organizations show their rapid response-ability and strong adaptability to the changes in the external environment.However,existing researches lack sufficient attention to the interaction between resource management and capacity building in the growth of sharing economy organizations,which is the key to understand the formation path of sharing economy organizations.The perspective of resource orchestration theory brings the following enlightenments:First,the sharing economy organizations have a unique resource foundation,which is contrary to the basic assumptions of the resource-based theory.It is necessary to discuss the management issues in the sharing economy organizations from the perspective of resources.Second,use resource orchestration theory to discuss why some companies have better performance than others,this is a mature theoretical perspective.Besides,the core of resource orchestration theory focuses on the relationship between enterprise resource actions and capabilities,which can bring some theoretical enlightenments.Finally,before designing a case study that aims at building theory,some constructs are determined in advance based on speculation ideas that help to form the initial research design of theoretical construction.This paper carries out research based on this theoretical perspective.The specific content arrangement,research design,and main conclusions of the article are as follows:The first part is a literature review and visual analysis of the sharing economy.Chapter 2 combines the visual analysis method with a literature review of the sharing economy.Comprehensively and systematically sort out the theoretical connotation,concept extension,related research hotspots and progress of the sharing economy,and the enlightenment from the perspective of resource orchestration theory.It should be noted that the concept of "idle resources" in the sharing economy is not limited to unused items,but also includes unused parts of products that are not fully utilized,idle value that is not fully developed,and idle state that is not fully activated.For example,idle seats in private cars,bicycles that are used only a few times a day,personal skills and knowledge that have no use outside of work,and so on.The second part is the study on the sharing economy organizational model.Chapter 3 and 4 study the nature and classification of sharing economy organization.This answers research question 1.The sharing economy organizational mode is a way of sharing economy organizations to allocate resources.It focuses on enterprises' resource allocation decisions and how to organize resources and participants to gain competitive advantages.The research is carried out from two aspects.One is to demonstrate the particularity of sharing economy organizations that are different from traditional economic organizations and other new organizational forms.The second is to study the classification of sharing economy organizational models,to fully consider the impact of organizational model differences on the formation path.According to the research,sharing economy organizations are special platform organizations that can reduce transaction costs and organizational costs simultaneously.Resource arrangement,self-organization,and multiple compensations are the motivations for the rapid growth of sharing economy organizations.The integration of the three makes the sharing economy organizations different not only from the traditional economic organizations,but also from other new organizational forms.Besides,based on the theoretical framework of the lateral exchange market,the sharing economy organizational model can be divided into four types:forums connect actors,enablers equip actors,matchmakers pair actors,and hubs centralize and standardize service flows.In China,the sharing economy organizational model is mainly concentrated in the latter two types,showing high platform intermediary and low social characteristics.The third part is the research on the formation path of sharing economy organizations.Chapters 5 to 7 design a multi-case study and answered research question two.The research believes that the formation path of the sharing economy organizations is "the process of re-realizing the value of the connected resources under the technological empowerment".The four types of sharing economy organizations represented by cases have different industries and operating models,but the organizations' basic development path is consistent.This difference is mainly reflected in the main types of resources involved in the choreography and the emphasis on the resource configuration.These three chapters try to uncover the black box of the interactive process of resource management and capacity building of sharing economy organizations and identify the key mechanisms in the interactive process as value identification,technical empowerment,and value reconstruction.Research results based on qualitative comparative analysis(QCA)further verify the above inference.Among them,the value recognition mechanism refers to the organization's value recognition ability to identify the value of the underutilized part from the massive and scattered resources,and promotes the organization to construct the resource combination;the technical empowerment mechanism refers to the organization's technical empowerment ability activates the original static combination of resources,enabling producers and consumers to lay the foundation for the further allocation and utilization of resources;value reconstruction mechanism refers to that the organization reconstructs the value of connected resources,flexibly responds to environmental changes through configuration,and shows platform with the network effect,the transaction costs,and organizational costs are reduced at the same time.The research brings the following insights:First,it enriches the theoretical research of the sharing economy and sharing economy organizations.This paper analyzes the rise and development of sharing economy organizations,promotes the theoretical analysis of the characteristics of sharing economy organizations,expands the research on the organization model of sharing economy,and probes into the feasibility of sharing economy organizations as a new organization design concept.On the one hand,this study puts forward the integration standard for the classification of sharing economy organizations,which lays a theoretical foundation for the classification of sharing economy organizations.On the other hand,the research on the value reconstruction mechanism of sharing economy organizations in this paper points out that the interactive network consisting of connecting multilateral markets based on digital technology platform can reduce transaction costs and organizational costs at the same time,which despises the understanding of the characteristics of sharing economy organizations.Second,it verifies and deepens the existing research on organization theory from the empirical level,reveals the black box for sharing economy organizations to realize rapid growth,puts forward the interactive process model of resource management and capacity building,and identifies three key mechanisms.The existing literature on the growth of sharing economy organizations is still at the level of defining concepts and models,and there are few in-depth discussions on the growth of sharing economy organizations,let alone explaining why such enterprises and organizations can acquire the capability foundation for rapid development.Three key mechanisms confirm and expand the research on the micro-foundation of dynamic capability,the prosumer and gig economy,and the management of platform-based enterprises.Thirdly,it deepens the research of resource-based view and resource arrangement theory,explains the theoretical paradox of sharing economy organizations obtaining competitive advantage without advantageous resources,and realizes the integration of resource arrangement theory in the digital economy and sharing economy environment.On the one hand,it expands the research on material capital resources,human capital resources,and organizational capital resources in a resource-based view,and at the same time,it introduces resources into the process of interaction with capacity for analysis and deepens the research on resource arrangement theory.On the other hand,the traditional concept of employee empowerment is extended through the technology empowerment mechanism of sharing economy organizations in the digital era.Besides,this study has significant practical value.First of all,the theoretical research on sharing economy organizations is helpful to optimize the existing enterprises' resources and capabilities.Relatively successful sharing economy enterprises can deeply understand the logic of the formation and management of sharing economy organizations and maintain high performance.Relatively unsuccessful sharing economy enterprises can catch up by optimizing their resources and capabilities;Traditional enterprises can realize internet-based and platform-based transformation with the help of the sharing economy.Secondly,the theoretical research on sharing economy organizations is conducive to formulating relevant policies to guide the development of the sharing economy and solving the problem of mismatch between policy supervision and enterprise growth that has been restricting its development.