| With the development of science and technology and the deepening of the process of economic globalization,the production process of products also gradually show the trend of"fragmentation",a product research and development design,production and processing,after-sales service and other links will not be confined to the same country,but the emergence of "global" production phenomenon,which makes the international division of labor gradually change,From the division of labor between industries and industries gradually developed into the division of labor between different processes and links within the product,this new international division of labor broke through the traditional international division of labor model,evolved into the division of labor in the global value chain.In the global value chain division of labor,developed countries because of the master of advanced core technology,in order to maximize the benefits,will be processing,assembly and other labor-intensive links transferred to developing countries,and the core research and development,service links in their own hands.Developing countries,because of the commitment of these low value-added links,although can be more quickly integrated into the international division of labor,can promote domestic industry and economic development in a short period of time,but in the long run,always focus on low value-added links,will lead to developing countries in the international division of labor in a passive position,It is not conducive to industrial transformation and optimization in developing countries.In this context,developing countries must take the initiative to move up to the top of global value chains through technological progress.In recent years,China's FOREIGN direct investment has developed rapidly,and it is an important way for countries and enterprises to acquire technical knowledge,and it is also an important source for home countries to gain technological spillovers,realize technological progress,and thus achieve industrial upgrading.In this context,under the guidance of OFDI theory and global value chain theory,this paper analyzes the way and way of the effect of the reverse technology spillover effect of OFDI on the promotion of China's global value chain,and uses the data of the World Input and Output Database(WIOD)to use the panel data from 2004-2014.The influence of China's OFDI on the global value chain is based on theoretical derivation and empirical test.The basic content of this paper is as follows:The first chapter is an introduction,which mainly introduces the research background,theory and practical significance,the main content and structure,the research method and the innovation and shortcomings of this paper.The second chapter is a review of theoretical basis and literature.This paper mainly introduces the evolution process and concrete content of OFDI theory and the theory of global value chain,and summarizes and comments on the existing literature from the perspectives of global value chain,the reverse technology spillover of OFDI and the situation of the Belt and Road region.The third chapter is the development of China's foreign direct investment.Mainly study the development of China's foreign direct investment,first of all,analysis of China's foreign direct investment in the overall situation and characteristics,secondly,the development of foreign direct investment in different industries and China's foreign direct investment regional characteristics and trends,and finally analysis of China's "Belt and Road" along the country and region of foreign direct investment.The fourth chapter is China's division of labor in the global value chain.Using the world input and output table published by the WIOD database in 2016,the data for 2004-2014 are calculated and analyzed from both the overall value chain status index of our country and the value chain status index of our industry,and the position of our country in the global value chain is explored and compared with the developed countries.In turn,we can better identify the problems that our country may face in the global value chain.The fifth chapter is the mechanism of the effect of the reverse technology spillover of OFDI on the position of the value chain.From the theoretical level,the mechanism of the role of OFDI in promoting the promotion of the value chain status and the climbing path,from the perspective of producer-driven,consumer-driven,mixed-driven analysis,to distinguish the impact mechanism of different types of FDI reverse technology spillover on the upgrading of global value chain,from different investment entities,different types of industries,Different investment destination countries discussed the impact mechanism of different types of OFDI on the upgrading of global value chains.The sixth chapter is empirical analysis.Using the panel data from 2004-2014,the theoretical analysis of the adverse technology spillover effect of OFDI on the status of global value chains is empirically tested,and the specific impact of the reverse technology spillover of OFDI on the value chain upgrading of manufacturing and service industries is studied separately in manufacturing and service industries.It also explores in detail the specific influence of the reverse technology spillover of OFDI on the value chain status index,forward participation and backward participation.Then the various industries according to the technical level of the breakdown,to explore the reverse technology spillover of OFDI on the industry's technical heterogeneity.Finally,according to the classification of the host country,the specific impact of the Belt and Road Initiative on the reverse technology spillover of OFDI to promote the upgrading of global value chains is explored.Chapter 7 is the conclusion and policy recommendation.This paper summarizes the research results of the full text,puts forward the existing problems and development direction of China's foreign direct investment in order to enhance China's position in the global value chain,and puts forward constructive suggestions.The main conclusions of this paper are:First,the influence of the reverse technology spillover of FOREIGN direct investment in China on the position of the industry in the global value chain has been found,and the reverse technology spillover of China's OFDI has a significant effect on the upgrading of China's global value chain.This catalytic role is enhanced primarily by increasing our forward participation in the global value chain.The reverse technology spillover of OFDI is through the absorption and understanding of advanced technology and management experience of developed countries,which transmits advanced technology to China,promotes the improvement of the overall level of domestic industry,and increases the horizontal participation in the value chain of the industry.Second,according to the different industries,the distinction between manufacturing and service industries found that the reverse technology spillover of OFDI on the promotion of the manufacturing value chain is more obvious,mainly due to the manufacturing of foreign direct investment in China's OFDI accounted for a larger proportion,and in recent years,China has been paying close attention to the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry,in the manufacturing industry of foreign direct investment,consciously guide the manufacturing of foreign direct investment to technology-intensive countries,which makes China's manufacturing value chain status continue to improve.As far as services are concerned,the reverse technology spillover effect of SERVICE OFDI has not effectively promoted the upgrading of the value chain,and has played a negative role to a certain extent.This may be because China's service industry OFDI started late,the development is relatively slow,the scale of service industry OFDI is not large.Moreover,the technology and management gap between China's service industry,and the current developed countries between advanced technology and management experience there is still a large gap,has not been out of the "low-end lock" situation,therefore,ofddirect edgout of FOREIGN direct investment on the value chain upgrading effect is not obvious.Third,according to the technical level of the manufacturing and service industries,the paper found that for the manufacturing industry,low-tech manufacturing of FOREIGN direct investment reverse technology spillover effect son did not have a great impact on the value chain upgrade,and in the chinese technology manufacturing industry,The reverse technology spillover of OFDI plays a very important role in promoting the upgrading of the value chain,and the reverse technology spillover of THE manufacturing industry in high-tech industry has a certain effect,but it does not play a significant role in the medium technology industry.After the sub-segmentation of the service industry,it is found that the ofdi/foreign investment in low-tech service industry plays a more significant role in promoting the upgrading of the value chain,the foreign direct investment of the medium-tech service industry promotes the promotion of the value chain more obviously,and the reverse technology spillover of the foreign direct investment of the high-tech service industry not only does not promote the role.There is also a certain negative impact.Fourth,according to the different classification studies of the host countries of OFDI,it is found that the reverse technology spillover of OFDI to developed countries is more obvious to the promotion of value chain upgrading than in developed countries.This is due to the fact that ITDirectinvestment to developed countries is more likely to acquire advanced technology and management experience in the host country,and to send it back to the country to promote domestic industrial upgrading,and to invest in the reverse technology spillover of OFDI to developing countries,although it also has a certain role in promoting,but compared with the developed countries,the contribution to value chain upgrading is weaker.Moreover,the reverse technology spillover effect of China's investment in countries and regions along the Belt and Road is more obvious,because the implementation of the "Belt and Road" initiative will reduce the barriers to entry of OFDI,reduce the difficulty of investment,and make it easier for enterprises to obtain technological progress and management experience in these countries.In order to promote the upgrading of domestic industries in the value chain.The innovation of this paper is that,first of all,in the study of the impact of the reverse technology spillover of OFDI on the position of the global value chain,this paper compares the manufacturing and service industries,and divides the various industries of manufacturing and service industries into high,medium and low technology industries.To explore the different effects of the reverse technology spillover effect of OFDI.In addition,when this paper explores the impact of the reverse technology spillover of OFDI on the global value chain,and analyzes the influence of the global value chain position,three indicators are selected for comparative analysis,namely,the global value chain status index,the forward participation of the value chain and the backward participation of the value chain.The impact of FDI reverse technology spillover on global value chains is more specific and the mechanism of action is more clear.The disadvantage of this paper is that in the empirical analysis,this paper mainly uses the WIOD database published by the world input and output table analysis,missing the data of recent years,so that the results of the study has a certain time lag. |
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