Study On The Formation Mechanism And Realization Path Of Ecological Premium Of Rice Fallow System In Heilongjiang Province

Green development is one of the important issues of modern agriculture.For a long time,China has attached great importance to the problem of cultivated land,because it is an important resource for crop growth.However,with the continuous improvement of domestic urbanization and industrialization,the pressure on the protection of cultivated land and water resources is increasing.The traditional mode of agricultural production,which pursues high yield by excessive investment of chemical fertilizer and pesticide,made the rural ecological environment increasingly fragile.In June 2016,the state issued The Pilot Program of Exploring and Implementing the System of Cultivated Land Rotation and Fallow,in which the concept of cultivated land fallow is proposed for the first time at the national level.Since then,China has gradually implemented the system of rotation and fallow in some provinces.Heilongjiang,as the ballast stone of national food security,is also the largest high-quality japonica rice production area in China.In recent years,the growing hardening,acidification and degradation of soil fertility have led to a gradual decline in the quality of the soil used for rice cultivation in Heilongjiang.In order to implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the relevant requirements of the Central Document No.1 in 2018,Heilongjiang province was added as a pilot project for rice fallow in 2018 on the basis of the existing fallow area.Therefore,it is imperative to implement the rice fallow system in Heilongjiang Province.By combing the research results at home and abroad,this paper finds that the ecological premium generated by the fallow system is an indisputable objective reality.The ecological premium of fallow is the biggest institutional dividend of this system.Through the government's plan of fallow action and the integration of policy resources to form a centralized fallow activity input,its ecological premium results through the market-oriented operation can be converted into economic surplus.Based on the theory of sustainable development of agricultureand the theory of balanced development of supply and demand,this paper expounds the determinants,formation conditions and mechanism analysis of ecological premium,and points out that ecological premium is the ecological value of spillover of ecosystem equilibrium(equilibrium)state.It is suggested that the accounting system and method should be designed to ensure the balance between ecological input and output.Secondly,ecological premium of rice fallow system is not only an effective way to alleviate the conflict between man and nature,but also the result of game equilibrium among stakeholders.Taking the ecological premium of fallow as a game result,it shows that the government,enterprises,social organizations,farmers and market consumers and other stakeholders have an impact on the realization path of ecological premium of rice fallow.The paperintroduces the sequential equilibrium analysis framework,and shows the three possible scenarios of perfect equilibrium,moderate equilibrium and lasting equilibrium in the path scenario of realizing ecological premium of rice fallow system.We should face up to the ecological premium of rice fallow,which is a benefit game with uncertain results.Weenter the sufficient space of game strategy toexaminethe fairness of the government's incentive policy on fallow and the choice of the strategic game behavior of the reliable loyalty of the fallow farmers.Based on the information asymmetry,this paper discusses the incentive structuredesign ofecological premium and the path realization,selection and optimization of ecological premium of rice fallow.It is an effective way to promote the ecological premium of rice fallow in Heilongjiang Province to guide the stakeholders to sufficient game.Thirdly,in order to further understand the current situation of fallow,the paper adopts the questionnaire method,a propensity score matching model(PSM was established to conduct empirical analysis on the samples.It analyzes the effect of fallow policy on land fertility,economic income offarmer household,acquisition price of fallow intentions and so on.With the methods of induction and comparative analysis,this paper analyzes the realization path of ecological premium of fallow in countries and regions at home and abroad.It provides a reference for the realization path of ecological premium of rice fallow in Heilongjiang Province.With the method of case analysis,this paper selects Wuchang Beidacang rice science and Technology Co.,Ltd.,which implements rice fallow by market in Heilongjiang Province,estimates the ecological premium of rice fallow and analyzes the realization path of realizing ecological premium of fallow by marketization.Finally,it puts forward countermeasures and suggestions to further deepen the fallow system and release ecological premium.The implementation of rice fallow system should pay attention to differentiation,open and transparent policy economic compensation.In order to let farmers become the main players of the game with the right to speak,we should transform the ecological premium activities of fallow into an important channel for farmers to increase their income.As an effective arrangement for international ecological environment protection of soil productivity,actively and steadily promoting the rice fallow system is of great significance to promote China's food security and transform China from a big agricultural country to a powerful agricultural country,accelerate agricultural modernization,promote rural revitalization,and strengthen farmers' income.