| The implementation of dryland fallow and irrigated dryland system is an important social demand to alleviate the resource and environmental pressures in the Bashang area of northwestern Yunnan,enhance the water source conservation and supply functions,and ensure the ecological and resource security of the underwater wind region.In this study,two representative townships in Zhangbei County,Zhangjiakou City,Hebei Province were selected as case areas from 2017 to 2018.The interviews were conducted with farmers and enterprises in the three types of rainfed,dry land,irrigated land and greenhouses in the case area.Investing in the field,obtaining data on crop production,further analyzing the production,ecological and economic effects of rain-fed dry land,irrigated land and greenhouses,and using the opportunity cost method to estimate the fallow and conversion of different types of cultivated land.The amount of economic compensation.The main results are as follows.1.Initially clarify the external effect magnitude of the main crop production of different types of farmlandThe arable land farming of rainfed,dry land,irrigated land and greenhouses in the Bashang area is accompanied by negative external influences such as sand dust,fertility decline,steaming and precipitation,consumption of groundwater and white film pollution.The irrigated crops produced the least amount of groundwater extracted from broccoli,the amount of irrigation per acre was 36.28m~3,followed by potato and cabbage,which were 44.8m~3 and 61.42m~3 per acre respectively.The maximum amount of sugar beet was 72.14m~3 per mu;The maximum amount of groundwater extracted is112.29m~3per mu,and the amount of water per mu of mini-cotton shed is 56.47m~3.The yield of oat and flax fields in dry farming is low,the fertilizer input is small,the soil fertility is reduced,the cost of soil nutrient depletion is 28.54~67.38 yuan per mu;the dry potato and beet field nutrient surplus,the potato is 12.32 yuan per mu,beet It is 16.98yuan.The soil fertility of sloping beet and cabbage decreased,the cost of reducing the fertility of sugar beet field was 37.72 yuan per mu,and the cabbage field was 146.20yuan per mu.The potato with high economic benefit of irrigated land showed the characteristics of fertilized soil,potato for each Mu is 16.21 yuan,and broccoli is 196.80yuan.The soil nutrients produced in the greenhouse also showed a surplus.The greenhouse beans were 338.18 yuan per mu,and the mini potato was 405.62 yuan per mu.The farmland production yield(y)and the nutrient profit and loss cost(x)show a quadratic positive correlation of y=0.388x~2-40.394x-2725.7987(r=0.726).2.It is clear that the cost input of agricultural materials is the main factor affecting the production effect of different types of farmland crops.The Bashang is raining and raising rain for production,with less farmland input and a large increase in output.The cost of agricultural land for dry farming is 60.00~321.35yuan per mu,and the variation coefficient of crop yield is between 15.68~22.44%.The income from irrigated land is relatively high.The cost of agricultural materials is791.38~1716.15 yuan per mu,and the variation coefficient of crop yield is between3.78~22.44%.In the kinetic energy input of farmland,the degree of mechanization of rainfed and dry land is low,and labor costs are high.In the dryland potato and sugar beet production,the mechanical cost is 66.95~73.38 yuan per mu,and the artificial input is629.82~915.52 yuan per mu;the corresponding irrigated potato and sugar beet production,the mechanical cost is 133.51~240.84 yuan per mu,and the labor cost is reduced.393.77~641.93 yuan per mu.Mechanization replaces manpower and improves the economic benefits of farmland.Comprehensive analysis of the economic effects of dryland,irrigated land and greenhouse crop production on the Bashang indicates that the output value of crops on the dam(y)increases with the input of agricultural inputs(x),which is y=0.001x~2+0.278x+708.057(r=0.959).The quadratic positive correlation.3.Clarify the amount of suitable economic subsidies for the management of different types of farmland and the corresponding farmland fallow and conversionAccording to the actual investigation of the case area,the main body of cultivated land management is affected by the quality of farmland investment.The rain-fed and dry-field farming has low investment in agricultural resources and low economic benefits.The main business operators are self-cultivating farmers and part-time farmers.The sugar beet and cabbage production fields with low income from irrigated land are mainly engaged in concurrent farming;the potato and broccoli production fields with high economic benefits are mainly renters and agricultural enterprises.In the greenhouse,the production of beans and mini-pots,the cost of agricultural materials is high,and the economic benefits are high.The main business entities are landlords and agricultural enterprises.Fallow cultivation is carried out on the dam.When considering the soil moisture and nutrient profit and loss costs caused by farmland production,the main business entity is a part-time farmer.The compensation amount is 68.14 yuan per mu for dry farming,89.70yuan for flax,218.81 yuan for potato and 99.54 for sugar beet.yuan;the amount of compensation for sugar beet per acre is 455.38 yuan,cabbage 397.69 yuan,potato 737.01yuan,broccoli 1241.08 yuan;regardless of water,nutrient cost,the compensation amount is dry crop oat 96.68 yuan per mu,flax 157.08 Yuan,potato 206.49 yuan,beet 82.56 yuan;the amount of compensation for sloping beet is 672.01 yuan per mu,cabbage 696.21yuan,potato 831.90 yuan,broccoli 1034.25 yuan.The higher economic benefits of irrigated land will lead to high cost of direct fallow and greater government financial pressure.Considering the conversion of irrigated land to the best-growing dry-cropped potato,the difference in the amount of water-to-drying is used as the amount of subsidy.When considering the water and nutrient costs,the difference between the water and the drought yield of the sloptened beet and the cabbage is negative under the management of the main business.Under the management of the landlord and the agricultural enterprise,the irrigated potato is transferred to The amount of subsidies is 372.99 yuan per mu and 877.06 yuan for broccoli.When the cost of water and nutrient profit and loss is not considered,the amount of subsidy transferred to the peasant farmer is 120.31 yuan per mu and 144.71 yuan for cabbage.The main business entity is renter and farmer,potato 480.20 yuan.Broccoli is 682.55 yuan per mu.The production of greenhouses is not only economically efficient,but the yield per mu of sheds is 6.52 times that of irrigated broccoli,and the amount of water leaking through the membrane surface is more than the amount of irrigation for pumping groundwater,and the groundwater produced by beans and minitubs.The amount of resources exceeding the irrigation amount was 46.31 and 118.22 m~3/667 m~2,respectively.Therefore,the production of greenhouses in the Bashang area should not consider fallow or conversion.In summary,through the investigation of the production of farmland such as rainfed and dry land,irrigated land and greenhouse vegetable fields in the Bashang area,the production,ecological and economic effects of various types of cultivated land were preliminarily defined;the main business types of different types of farmland were identified,and corresponding Farmland fallow,conversion strategy,and appropriate amount of economic subsidies.The paper further discusses rural non-agricultural industry development and labor professional skills training to promote the implementation of the fallow system in the Bashang area of northwest Yunnan. |
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