Research On The Market Allocation Of Data Production Factors

At present,human society has entered into the era of digital economy.Data has become a key force driving economic and social development.It is continuously accelerating the evolution of the form of production factors.The value creation of data plays a more and more important role in improving total factor productivity.The open sharing of data has become the premise of data value creation.However,whether data can be included in the production factors and realize open sharing and optimal allocation through market transactions has become an important topic.If data enters the market as a production factor,it will face a series of problems,such as perfecting laws,perfecting systems,determining ownership,standardizing pricing,establishing places,formulating standards,safety assurance,quality assurance,market supervision,transaction services,and so on.On the basis of clarifying the status of data production factors,this paper focuses on the value movement analysis of "value discovery,value realization,value distribution",and carries out research from three aspects:deepening the theoretical understanding of data production factors,standardizing the market order of data production factors,and analyzing the pricing factors of data production factors.The innovations of the full text are mainly reflected in the following aspects.1.Study on the theoretical framework of market allocation of data production factorsOn the basis of the economic analysis framework of "supply demand" in the factor market,this paper introduces the relevant theories of data science and information science,centers on the law of data value movement.By taking the data production factors as the core,it constructs the theoretical research framework of "data demand,data supply and data transaction" from the two aspects of data ontology and data carrier.It also clarifies the basic structure and internal mechanism of data production factor market.By analyzing the case,the relationship among data demand,data production and data transaction in digital economy can be explored.The rationality of the research framework can be tested.Under the theoretical framework of the market allocation of data production factors,data is the basis of the mapping between the virtual world(and digital space)and the real world(and physical space).Information model is used to realize the information construction and knowledge expression of the relationship between people or things in the real world,so as to meet the cognitive needs of human beings for the real world.Data demand arises from the application needs from the real world,which promotes the data production on the data supply side,links the data transaction,and realizes the circular of data production factors.The first is to clarify the internal mechanism and source of data demand from two aspects,such as data demand generation and data demand design.The second is to understand the internal structure of data production from the aspects of data production,data standards and data quality management,so as to promote the development of data supply and digital economy.The third is to clarify the basic factors of data transaction from the aspects of data right confirmation,data protection and data circulation,so as to promote data transaction and data sharing.Data ontology layer is the basis of the production and application of data production factors.It becomes the manifestation of the process and result of human consciousness and thinking,and reflects the origin of data.The data carrier layer is the technical environment for carrying data.It can support the data technology by constructing the data platform.2.Institutional framework of market transaction for data production factorOn the basis of clarifying the action mechanism about the relationship between the systems with the development of the data production factor market,it takes the methods of literature research and grounded theoretical to analyze 139 CSSCI/SCI/SSCI documents(abstracts and conclusions)and 5 research reports of professional institutions through keyword extraction and content quantitative analysis.Then the classification of topics related to data trading system can be sorted out.The trading system framework of data production factor market can be constructed.The data transaction subject covers various stakeholders related to data transaction activities.The data transaction object includes massive,multi format and diversified data.This paper expounds the data transaction mechanism from the aspects of ownership,pricing,notarization,quality and safety,and discusses the data transaction form.It also analyzes the data trading place,studies the data trading service from the two aspects of special service for data and professional service for transaction,and puts forward issues such as data trading regulations and standards,data trading supervision and arbitration.It is found that data will inevitably break the order and inherent interest relationship of the original market.The market trading system framework of data production factors needs to take into account the interests of the state,society,enterprises,individuals and other parties.It also needs to take into account from the aspects of data trading subject,data trading object,data trading mechanism,data trading form,data trading place,data trading service,data trading supervision,data trading arbitration,data trading laws to form constraints and regulations.The above further deepens the understanding of the construction of data production factor system,and has a certain reference significance for the institutional arrangement of data market in the future.3.Research on characteristic factor model of transaction pricing in data market based on empirical analysisIn view of the significant characteristics of the heterogeneity of data commodities,the hedonic model,which is the most representative research method in the aspect of heterogeneous commodity prices,is selected to study the pricing of data transactions.Based on the theoretical analysis of the Hedonic model and the supply-demand,this paper uses the literature research and the research of the data trading platform market to construct the hedonic model of data transaction pricing.The data price characteristic variable covers three categories and 17 characteristics,such as data object,data demander and data supplier.The empirical research on transaction pricing using API data of E-commerce Data Market has been conducted.Combined with the data of 1010 commodity samples,11 characteristic variables were selected into the model.The SPSS 26 statistical software was used to carry out multiple linear regression analysis on the selected characteristic variables,and the influence of different characteristics of data on transaction pricing was quantitatively analyzed.The above research makes up for the deficiency of the current empirical analysis of data transaction pricing and expands the application field of hedonic price model theory.The research results provide guidance and help for data providers to scientifically plan and design data commodities,analyze and study market dynamics,and reasonably evaluate data pricing.It provides relevant reference guide for data demanders to purchase data commodities.It also gives reference for relevant government departments to formulate market supervision policy and construct incentive evaluation mechanism.4.Multi-agent model of data market transactions and simulation analysis of transaction pricingThe scientific paradigm of simulation analysis is introduced into the research of data production factor market.Based on the idea of game theory,the premise of data market trading is given.The basic definition of data market trading system composition is modeled.Combined with the framework of market trading system of data production factors,the general architecture of the rulebased data production factor market trading model can be conducted.On this basis,the price game between buyers and sellers in data trading is studied.It constructs the data transaction strategy model and behavior rules of buyers and sellers,and carries on the simulation analysis with the help of simulation tools.The finite rationality of the model is preliminarily verified by simulating changes of buyer's price and seller's price under different conditions,as well as the changes of the overall price in the data market under the action of both buyers and sellers.The results show that,in the immature and inadequate stage of the market of data production factors,the simulation sub-science paradigm can form an effective interaction and supplement with the empirical research,and explore a new way for the research of the market of data production factors.By constructing the data trading strategy model and behavior rules of buyers and sellers,this paper simulates and analyzes the price game results of buyers and sellers in data market trading,and provides a new inspection mechanism for the research of data production factor market trading prices.