| In the context of global economic integration and specialization of international division of labor,the concept of global value chains cannot cover the content richness and development of global value chains.Along with the new round of technological revolution and the rapid development of industrial transformation,global value chain continues to deepen and reshape,and it has emerged from the original "chain" form and began to exhibit the shape of "snake" and "spider".It has formed a global value network covering a wider geographical area and more industrial sectors.However,based on existing research,scholars have less discussion of their global value networks,and have not given clear definitions and concepts of global value networks.The demonstration and analysis of the global value network not only facilitates the scientific interpretation of the global economic integration and the evolution of the international industrial division of labor,but also provides a new theory and evidence for exploring how China can effectively integrate into the international division of labor and improve China's industrial status.Based on this,the research question raised in this paper is: What is a global value network? What are the specific shapes and structural features of the global value network? How is the global value network formed? This paper answers the above questions one by one.First,in view of the question of what is a global value network,this paper,based on the existing literature,focuses on the theme of global value network and defines its background,connotation and extension.Mainly from three aspects:(1)based on the relevant literature,trace from the value chain,global commodity chain to the global value chain,analyze the development background of the global value network,and expand the global value chain to global value network,and define its connotation.(2)compare the concept and meaning of the global value network with the global value chain,the global production network,the world input-output network and the international value-added trade network,and clarify the connection and difference between the global value network and related concepts,so as to further clarify The connotation and extension of the global value network.(3)from the country-industry level,the world input-output table of the WIOD database is used to construct the global value network.At the same time,in order to more clearly describe the structural characteristics of the global value network,this paper extracts the core structure of the network based on some rules,such as the maximum traffic rules.And the core structure of global value network is adopted to analyze the characteristics of the network structure.Secondly,in view of the specific shape and structural characteristics of the global value network,this paper uses the network analysis method to analyze its structural features.Because the complex network analysis method has a mature system analysis framework,it can effectively measure and analyze the structural characteristics of the economic network and its dynamic evolution process.Therefore,the study uses complex network analysis methods to analyze the structural characteristics of global value networks.Among them,the macro-level network structure analysis is based on the overall network perspective,using the overall network indicators such as the number of nodes,the number of edges,the network density,the average path length,the clustering coefficient,and the reciprocity coefficient to analyze the overall topological properties of the global value network;At the meso level of the network structure analysis,the network structure of the global value network is analyzed from the group perspective of the network,using the network core-periphery structure,modularity,and normalized mutual information.At the individual level of the network structure analysis,the centrality indicator of the network analyzes the status and role of each countryindustry in the network.Based on this,the structural characteristics of the global value network are analyzed in detail from three different levels.Thirdly,in view of the formation of global value network,this paper is divided into two aspects: internal cause(intrinsic formation mechanism)and external cause(external influence factor): this paper combines the path dependence theory of new economic geography,comparative advantage theory in international trade and social network theory,from the perspective of network microstructure,explore the formation,stability,and upgrading mechanisms of global value networks.Two kinds of network econometric methods,which are specific to network relational data,QAP analysis method and ERGM model are used to empirically test the impact of various factors on global value networks from the perspective of global value network relationship and global value network structure.The main contributions of this paper are:(1)Extending the concept of global value chain to the global value network.Defining the global value network,giving the connotation and extension of the global value network,thus making up for the lack of research in this field.(2)Analyze and characterize global value networks using network analysis methods.This paper uses this method to explain and demonstrate the structural characteristics and evolution of global value networks from the three dimensions of macro,meso and individual,and further explores the status of China's industry in global value networks and the influencing factors of global value networks.This provides a new analytical framework and research perspective on how to effectively integrate into the international division of labor and improve China's industrial status.(3)Incorporate the theory of comparative advantage in international trade,the path dependence theory in new economic geography and the network microstructure method in network science into a unified theoretical analysis framework,and explore the formation mechanism of global value networks.(4)Provide practical and feasible policy recommendations for cultivating the competitive advantages of China's industry,promoting industrial transformation and upgrading,and realizing the rising status of Chinese industries in global value networks.The paper draws the following conclusions:(1)The global value network can be defined as: in the global scope,in order to optimize resource allocation and improve resource conversion efficiency,enterprises or industries in different regions are embedded in multiple value chains to realize the capability elements in the value chain.Vertical separation and horizontal reorganization,resulting in interconnected,interwoven global value networks with stronger core competencies.Therefore,the global value network includes both the value-added part of the global value chain and the relationship between companies or industries.It is clearly differentiated from the concepts of global value chains,global production networks,world inputoutput networks,and international value-added trade networks.(2)The global value network has an obvious “core-periphery” structure.The network presents a diversified international division of labor,a phased and transitive structure of the production process,and shows the closer “country-industry” relationship.The level of embedding is deepening,and the international division of labor is basically unchanged.(3)China's manufacturing industry has an important influence in the global value network,and the degree of embeddedness of most industries in China's global value network needs to be further improved.(4)Political risk,economic scale,Internet development level,human and geographical distance,and the endogenous structure of the network are important factors in the formation and evolution of global value networks.(5)On the basis of existing global value chain process upgrading,product upgrading,function upgrading and inner-sector upgrading,relational upgrading have become an important upgrade method in current global value networks due to the gradual formation and mature development of the network landscape. |
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