Research On Decision-making Of Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Under Multi-factor Disturbance

In response to the implementation of the Notice on the Implementation Opinions on the Implementation of the Two Invoice System(Trial)in the Drug Purchase of Public Medical Institutions in the Pharmaceutical Industry,the Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Carrying out the Evaluation of the Quality and Efficacy Consistency of Generic Drugs,the new version of Drug Administration Law and other policies.The advancement of these policies has led to significant changes in the management model of the pharmaceutical supply chain(PSC),and has also made the decision-making of supply chain members more complicated.This article explores the main factors that disturb the decision-making of the PSC from the perspectives of PSC members,pharmaceutical manufacturing companies,pharmaceutical distribution companies,consumers,and government regulatory agencies.We use game theory and optimization theory to analyze the decision-making and optimization coordination of pharmaceutical supply under multiple factors.This paper uses MATLAB to simulate and verify the balance and optimization results,show which one is the optimal strategy for the PSC more intuitively,and provide reasonable management suggestions for the development of PSC enterprises based on the research conclusions.The findings of this study are as follows:Firstly,this article analyzes the main factors that disturb the decision-making of PSC from four different perspectives based on grounded theory: pharmaceutical manufacturing companies,pharmaceutical distribution companies,consumers,and the government.We use in-depth interviews and focus group interviews on obtaining original data,collecting,sort,summarize and abstract the interview data to form a data model with a three-level coding structure and pass the saturation test.The summary found that the technological innovation capabilities,corporate social responsibility(CSR)and promotion efforts of pharmaceutical manufacturing companies,the logistics distribution capabilities of pharmaceutical distribution companies,consumer preferences,and government grants are the main factors that disturb the decision-making of PSC.Secondly,this article studies the coordination and decision-making of PSC under the influence of CSR.This paper mainly describes CSR impact on the equilibrium results in different decision-making models,constructs.It compares three decision-making models of cooperative,non-cooperative,and government grants,collaborative innovation,and centralized procurement low-price combined contract coordination,and analyzes the influence of CSR in the PSC and the threshold of coordination parameters.The results show that both the overall PSC and the individual attention of pharmaceutical manufacturers to CSR are conducive to improving R&D and innovation capabilities.Pharmaceutical manufacturers actively fulfilling their social responsibilities under noncooperative decision-making can effectively control the wholesale and retail prices of drugs,increase the benefits of stakeholders and increase the surplus-value of consumers,but it will weaken their profitability.However,when the supply chain's overall CSR is enhanced,the increase in the CSR shared by pharmaceutical manufacturers within the threshold is conducive to the increase in value of pharmaceutical manufacturers;The combined contract coordination strategy can optimize the PSC.Thirdly,this paper studies the PSC portfolio contract's coordination considering technology R&D and logistics distribution.This article considers that market demand is affected by the technological research and development capabilities of pharmaceutical manufacturing companies and the logistics distribution capabilities of pharmaceutical distribution companies.This paper establishes a combination contract model of PSC based on the market price and optimal profit of cooperative decision-making.Furthermore,the paper explores the impact of technology research and development and logistics distribution capabilities on the PSC and members,and designs a revenue-sharing and quantity discount combination contract as an incentive mechanism to coordinate the PSC and eliminate the existence of marginal effects.The results found that the implementation of the revenue-sharing and quantity discount can effectively optimize and coordinate the PSC,which can incentivize pharmaceutical manufacturers to improve the level of technological research and development,encourage pharmaceutical distribution companies to improve the level of logistics and achieve the Pareto of the entire PSC.Fourthly,the paper studies the coordination and optimization of the two-level dualchannel PSC,considering promotion efforts and consumer preferences.It combines pharmaceutical products' characteristics to build a dual-channel model in which market demand is affected by the promotion efforts provided by pharmaceutical manufacturers and consumer channel preferences.The paper compares the three game models of cooperation,non-cooperation and the combination contract of repurchase,promotion cost-sharing,and revenue-sharing,analyzes the impact of promotion efforts and consumer channel preferences on the profit of the PSC,and obtains the threshold of the dual channel adjustment parameters range.The analysis of the calculation examples shows that when the promotion efforts meet the constraints,it is beneficial to the pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises to adopt dual channels.When the consumer channel preference is low,the use of combination contracts is beneficial to both pharmaceutical manufacturers and retail,pharmaceutical companies,and a combination contract is designed can mobilize pharmaceutical manufacturers to increase the level of promotion efforts.Fifthly,the paper studies the coordination and decision-making of the PSC under government grants.The paper constructs three models of single-preference,dualpreference,centralized procurement,low price,and cost-sharing combination contract coordination model under government subsidy.This paper analyzes the impact of different subsidy parameters and preference coefficients in the three models on the PSC and obtains the threshold of coordination parameters.The results found that compared to the single-preference model,the dual-preference model is more beneficial to pharmaceutical manufacturers and medical institutions and can bring more social welfare.In addition to R&D subsidies and medical insurance policies,an increased sense of CSR can also effectively encourage pharmaceutical manufacturers to improve their technological innovation capabilities and reduce their dependence on government grants.The combined contract coordination strategy optimizes and coordinates the PSC,motivates pharmaceutical manufacturers to improve their technological innovation capabilities,and enhances their sense of CSR.Therefore,the government subsidy rate is controlled within the threshold range,which is more conducive to stimulating the development of PSC enterprises and maintaining the pharmaceutical industry's development.The research innovations are:(1)This article uses a combination of grounded theory and game theory to achieve qualitative and quantitative cross-analysis methods.(2)This paper introduces CSR as an exogenous factor into the PSC for the first time.While studying the performance of social responsibilities by pharmaceutical manufacturing companies,it also considers the joint performance of social responsibilities by members of the PSC.It designs a combination contract of government grants,low prices for centralized procurement,and collaborative innovation to optimize the PSC system.(3)This article takes technological innovation and logistics distribution as endogenous factors affecting the pharmaceutical market to construct a decision-making model and design a combination contract of revenue-sharing and quantity discount to optimize and coordinate the PSC.(4)This paper constructs a dual-channel decision-making model of PSC under the disturbance of promotion efforts and consumer preferences,and designs revenue-sharing,repurchase,and promotion cost-sharing combination contract coordination to achieve dual-channel PSC optimization.(5)Combined with the characteristics of pharmaceutical products,this paper constructs a PSC decision-making and optimization model under the disturbance of R&D subsidies and medical insurance subsidies and designs a combination contract of centralized procurement and cost-sharing to optimize the supply chain,which is conducive to providing good development for the member enterprises of the PSC under reform Reference value.