Research On Design And Analysis Of Semi-Quantum Secure Communication Protocols

Classical cryptosystem uses a cryptosystem based on computational complexity to ensure security.Attackers need to solve a mathematical problem in a limited time.However,with the development of distributed computing and quantum computing,these mathematical problems can be solved quickly,and the classical cryptosystem faces severe security risks.Quantum cryptography is based on cryptography and quantum mechanics.Security is guaranteed by the basic principles of quantum mechanics.It does not depend on the computing power in the classical cryptosystem.Secure communication based on quantum cryptography has unique advantages and has gradually become a core research direction in the new technology of contemporary information security.However,at present,people’s research on quantum technology is still in its infancy,and its application is in the exploratory stage.Quantum computers are difficult to popularize in a short time,and not everyone can hold quantum resources.In order to better solve these problems,Boyer et al.first proposed the concept of semi-quantum cryptography in 2007,realized the semi-quantum secure communication protocol,and proved its unconditional security.In semi-quantum secure communication protocol,it is not necessary for all participants to have complete quantum capabilities.Compared with quantum cryptography,semi-quantum cryptography has more advantages in some application.It reduces the expensive cost of purchasing quantum equipment and avoids the complex operation of preparing quantum resources,especially when there is a hardware faults in quantum communication.In order to achieve more secure,efficient and solve different problems,several protocols such as semi-quantum key distribution,semi-quantum secret sharing and semi-quantum private comparison are studied and designed.The main work and innovative results are as follows:(1)A semi-quantum key distribution protocol based on the hybrid of single photon state and EPR pair is designed.Aiming at the low efficiency of the current semi-quantum key distribution protocol in the probability of eavesdropping detection,the quantum participant of the protocol combines a particle in the EPR pair with the single photon state to form a hybrid state as the information carrier.When the classical participant received the quantum state,he randomly selects the redefined CTRL operation(returning the particle in the EPR pair and measuring the single photon)or SIFT operation(returning the single photon and measuring the particle in the EPR pair).The protocol uses the eavesdropping detection probability as a measure of protocol efficiency.The higher the eavesdropping detection probability,the more sensitive the protocol is to the eavesdropper’s attack behavior,and the easier it is to detect the eavesdropper’s malicious behavior.The research shows that the designed protocol redefines the CTRL and SIFT operations in the hybrid state,improves the security of the protocol,and can detect the existing eavesdroppers faster when analyzing the security.(2)Research on semi-quantum key distribution protocol based on hyperentangled Bell state.At present,the semi-quantum key distribution protocol mainly research is the qubit under a single degree of freedom.If the qubit with one degree of freedom is replaced by the qubit with two degrees of freedom,the capacity of quantum communication can be improved naturally.The protocol uses the characteristics of hyperentangled Bell state to improve the channel capacity.The protocol based on hyperentangled Bell state carries two information simultaneously in different degrees of freedom,which is twice the information capacity compared with Bell state.The research shows that the proposed protocol improves the quantum channel’s capacity by increasing the quantum state dimension,which provides a new idea for the selection of quantum state carriers in the protocol.(3)Research on semi-quantum secret sharing protocol for sharing specific information.Aiming at the current semi-quantum secret sharing protocols can not directly share the specific secret information.The protocol gives the secret controller enough authority to decide the content of the shared secret message and the number of particles used for eavesdropping detection.In the protocol,the decoy state is used to detect whether there are eavesdroppers,and the validity of secret information is verified according to the value of test particles.The comparative analysis shows that as there are only two protocols that can directly share specific secret information,the qubit efficiency of this protocol is about 50%,which is nearly twice that of the other protocol.The research shows that the protocol realizes the direct sharing of specific secret information,improves the utilization rate of particles,and has a more practical application value.(4)Research on semi-quantum private comparison protocol without pre-shared key.At present,the semi-quantum private comparison protocol needs to share the key between two classical participants in advance to ensure communication security,which leads to the problems of low efficiency and complex steps.The protocol gives a scheme that does not need to share the key between the comparators in advance,which reduces the complexity of the protocol.Through comparative analysis,among the semi-quantum private comparison protocols which do not need to share the key in advance,this protocol has the highest qubit efficiency of 3.125%,which improves the previous efficiency by 125%.The research shows that the designed protocol does not need to share the communication key in advance,simplifies the operation of both sides of privacy comparison,and improves the efficiency of information transmission.(5)A semi-quantum private comparison protocol based on Wstate is designed.As the first protocol using W-state to construct semi-quantum private comparison,W-state is more robust to the loss of a single quantum state than GHZ state,and can not be reconstructed from GHZ state through a classical operation.Through comparative analysis,the protocol using W-state characteristics ensures the security of the protocol and has higher efficiency and comprehensive performance.The research shows that the communication carrier of the protocol selects the three-particle state with stronger entanglement robustness,which can promote the improvement of transmission stability during communication.