Design And Security Analysis On Semi-Quantum Communication Protocols

Quantum cryptography is based on physical property including Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle and quantum non-cloning theorem and has the theoretically unconditional security,which has been developed rapidly in recent decades.Quantum secret communication protocols requires that all communicators to do operations on qubits,i.e.,all communicators must have quantum abilities.However,it is not realistic to satisfy this condition at this stage.To solve this issue,Boyer et al.first introduced the semi-quantum concept in 2007 and put forward the first semi-quantum key distribution protocol containing a complete quantum party(quantum party)and one semi-quantum party(classical party).With the emergence of semi-quantum communication protocols and security proofs,researchers became increasingly interested in this field.Then a new research field,semi-quantum cryptography,were formed.For the implementation of future quantum communication network,semi-quantum cryptography has two advantages:reducing cost of purchasing quantum devices and handling of hardware failures in quantum communication.In this dissertation,semi-quantum identity authentication protocols and semi-quantum key distribution protocols are proposed.The specific work is as follows.Two semi-quantum identification protocols based on the single particle are designed,which includes quantum party Alice and classical party Bob.The first semi-quantum identity authentication protocol does not require the authenticated classical channel,where Bob can authenticate Alice’s identity.In the second one,Alice can authenticate the identity of Bob without the measurement capability.Semi-quantum identity authentication is of great significance to ensure the security of semi-quantum communication protocols such as semi-quantum key distribution protocols,semi-quantum secret sharing protocols,and so on.These proposed semi-quantum identification protocols can resist common attacks and can be applied to some existing semi-quantum communication protocols to against man-in-the-middle attack.A semi-quantum key distribution protocol with the four-particle cluster state is designed,which can realize the key distribution among one quantum communicator and two classical communicators simultaneously and can be expanded to a scheme involving more parties(more than three parties).The security analysis proves that the proposed protocol can resist common attacks.In addition,based on quantum information theory,the key rate of the proposed protocol is computed and the maximum noise tolerance of the scheme is obtained.Compared with the existing multi-party SQKD protocols,both the proposed protocol and the extended protocol have more excellent time efficiency and quantum efficiency under the same conditions.