| The document titled "Opinions on Establishing and Enhancing the Mechanism for Realizing the Value of Ecological Products," which was released by the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council in April 2021,highlights the imperative to establish a robust mechanism for realizing the value of eco-products.It also emphasizes the importance of developing a distinct model of ecological civilization construction that aligns with Chinese characteristics.Protected areas,which serve as the principal production grounds for eco-products,constitute approximately27.45% of the global protected area,particularly in karst regions.However,due to the delicate ecological environment and population pressure,the coordination between protecting the karst ecosystem and facilitating economic development poses greater challenges compared to other regions.Addressing this issue,the utilization of eco-product value realization as a driving force for ecological civilization construction has provided a crucial direction.In light of the aforementioned considerations,this study focuses on meeting the current needs to comprehend the value of eco-products,identify the industrial spatial mechanism for realizing their value,and establish models for ecological civilization construction driven by the ecological industry in karst protected areas.The research aims to tackle key scientific questions concerning the spatial value realization mechanism of eco-products in these regions and the driving force behind eco-industry in promoting ecological civilization.Specifically,the study zones in on Shibing Karst,Libo-Huanjiang Karst,and Huangguoshu Karst in the southern Chinese karst.By employing the PLUS model,equivalent factor method,RSEI model,spatial autocorrelation analysis,and other methodologies,the study outlines an analytical framework comprising "eco-products value accounting-industrial model zoning for eco-product value realization-driving models of eco-industry as a means of ecological civilization construction" in karst protected areas.The objectives of the research encompass investigating the spatiotemporal evolution and driving mechanisms of land use in karst protected areas,unveiling changes in the spatiotemporal value of eco-products,proposing eco-industry zoning and paths for value realization,constructing ecological civilization construction models based on industrial spatial zoning,and comprehensively evaluating the ecological quality of karst protected areas.The ultimate goal is to foster collaborative research between ecological protection and improving human welfare in protected areas,facilitate the successful transformation of the "two mountains," and propel the value realization of eco-products and ecological civilization construction.1.The significant role of buffer zones in maintaining the stability of land use and the value of eco-products in karst protected areas has been discovered.The value of eco-products within the protected areas exceeds that of the buffer zones,with regulatory services exhibiting the highest value,particularly in terms of climate regulation and hydrological regulation.Forest and water areas make the largest contributions to this value.In 2013,the ranking of unit area eco-product value in the study areas was as follows: Shibing Karst(405,000 yuan)> Huangguoshu Karst(299,000 yuan)> Libo-Huanjiang Karst(299,000 yuan).Between 2013 and 2021,there has been a significant increase in the eco-product value of Huangguoshu Karst.In 2021,the ranking of unit area eco-product value in the study areas is as follows: Huangguoshu Karst(419,000 yuan)>Shibing Karst(408,000 yuan)> Libo-Huanjiang Karst(315,000 yuan).The value of each type of eco-product in the three study areas in 2013 and2021 follows the order: regulatory services > support services > supply services > cultural services.Among these,regulatory services contribute to over 60% of the total value in the study areas,with forest land playing a dominant role in delivering regulatory services.2.A methodology was proposed for conducting spatial zoning research on ecological industries in karst protected areas based on the value of eco-products,land use patterns,and restrictive factors of the protected areas.Due to the prominent advantage of forest eco-product value in Shibing Karst and Libo-Huanjiang Karst,the dominant realization mode of eco-product value in both areas is ecological forestry.Ecological forestry in Shibing Karst is mainly distributed within the heritage sites,while in the buffer zones,ecological agriculture and ecological forestry are the main focuses,with water areas ranking second.Ecological forestry in Libo-Huanjiang Karst is mainly distributed in the inner parts of the heritage sites and the central region of the buffer zones.The differences in eco-product value among different types of eco-products in Huangguoshu Karst are not significant.Therefore,the proportions of ecological forestry,ecological agriculture,and water economy in Huangguoshu Karst and the buffer zones are relatively equal.The proportion of ecological forestry in the nominated area is slightly higher than that in the buffer zones,while the proportion of ecological agriculture in the buffer zones(49.53%)is higher than in the nominated area(44.59%).There are differences in the value realization pathways between the protected areas and the buffer zones.The value realization pathway in the protected areas mainly focuses on ecological tourism and research bases,while the value realization pathway in the buffer zones mainly involves ecological agriculture,ecological forestry,and water economy.3.A model of integrated ecological agriculture,forestry,and water management,as well as ecotourism,has been developed for karst protected areas.This model is characterized by the synergy between "ecological conservation and ecotourism in protected areas" and "ecological restoration and community well-being enhancement in buffer zones." It consists of three sub-models: karst ecological forestry +tourism model,karst water economy + tourism model,and karst ecological agriculture + tourism model.The boundary conditions for the karst ecological forestry + tourism model are as follows: protected areas dominated by the value of forest ecological products,with a forestland ratio of over 30% and areas with a slope greater than 25°.The boundary conditions for the karst water economy + tourism model are: protected areas or buffer zones dominated by the value of water ecological products,with a water area ratio of over 0.3% and an area larger than 30 hectares.The boundary conditions for the karst ecological agriculture + tourism model are: buffer zones dominated by the value of agricultural ecological products,with an agricultural land ratio of over 1% and areas with a slope less than 25°.The ecological quality of the spatial areas in karst ecological forestry,water economy,and ecological agriculture corresponding to different ecological civilization construction models was evaluated.From 2005 to 2021,the ecological quality of all three types of spaces has been predominantly good,with very few areas exhibiting poor ecological quality.The proportion of areas with excellent ecological quality has generally increased over time. |
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