Research On The Equity Evaluation And Optimization Of Urban Ecological Recreation Space

With the acceleration of urbanization and the improvement of people’s living standards,the actual needs of residents are also changing,gradually from the "hard demand" of basic living materials to the "soft demand" of enjoying materials.This situation will put forward higher requirements for the quality and quantity of social public service supply.However,the widening gap between the rich and the poor,the shortage of public service resources and the unequal allocation of space have become increasingly prominent,prompting the whole society to pay more attention to the fairness and justice of public service resources.As an important public service facility integrating the functions of economy,ecology and leisure,the urban ecological recreation space(UERS)is not only an important part of urban spatial structure,but also an important standard to measure the construction of urban ecological civilization and the quality of residents’ life.It plays a positive role in maintaining urban sustainable development,and its fairness is an important factor affecting residents’ well-being.In recent years,with the continuous expansion of cities and the increasing demand of residents,the shortage of UERS has become increasingly prominent.Moreover,the incremental development model overemphasizes the scale and quantity,and ignores the quality and type of UERS,the interaction and matching between the spatial layout and its users,resulting in a large gap in the fairness of UERS enjoyed by different residents,and the ecological recreation needs of residents can not be met.Therefore,under the restriction of limited ecological recreation resources,how to realize its optimal allocation and meet the equal and fair enjoyment of UERS’ resources by all urban residents is the focus of current policy makers and scholars.Guided by the theory of spatial justice,this paper constructs a theoretical framework for the research on the fairness of UERS.At the same time,taking Wuhan urban development area as the research area and the community as the research unit,this paper comprehensively analyzes the current situation of supply and demand,the level of the spatial equity and the Social equity,the unfair phenomenon and its generation mechanism,as well as the corresponding optimization objectives and strategies of UERS by using various methods such as mathematical statistical model,GIS spatial analysis and field investigation.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The equity of UERS under the guidance of spatial justice theory should be evaluated from multiple perspectives,dimensions and indicators.By combing the core views and relevant research of"spatial justice" theory in different development periods at home and abroad,this paper interprets the specific connotation of spatial justice.Taking this as a guide,we have defined the value demands and practical objectives of UERS,and determines the specific criteria of the evaluation of the equity.The research shows that the UERS provides services for people,and the demand of UERS is the foundation of allocation.Meanwhile,the allocation of UERS is formed by the interaction of supply and demand subjects.Therefore,it is difficult to achieve real fairness in the layout and allocation of UERS only based on a single perspective and single index of supply.In addition,the realization of UERS resource allocation equity will go through different stages,so its evaluation should also be carried out from the dimensions of the supply and demand characteristics,the spatial equity and the social equity according to urban development.To sum up,the equity of UERS should be studied from multiple perspectives,dimensions and indicators.(2)The distribution of supply and demand of UERS is uneven,and the characteristics of different stages or different groups are obviously different.① By combing the development process of ecological recreation space in Wuhan,it is found that:with the passage of time,the distribution characteristics of UERS gradually spread from the independent distribution in the urban center to the edge,and the recreation participants gradually developed from the original upper class to the public participation of ordinary people.②The characteristics of current supply:the distribution of UERS is extremely uneven,showing a hierarchical decreasing trend from the city center to the periphery.The quality levels of different UERSs are quite different.The UERSs with the large scale or distributed along rivers,lakes and mountains have a high quality,and its mainly distributed in the main urban area,southwest and southern new cities.Different types of UERS have their own characteristics,but their quantity and scale are significantly different,and the spatial differentiation is significant in different regions.(3)There are significant regional differences in the level of spatial equity of all dimensions of UERS.① The spatial equity distribution pattern of UERS has obvious correlation with residents’travel mode and travel threshold.On the whole,with the upgrading of travel mode and the increase of travel time,the number of non serving communities continues to decrease,and the level of UERS resources and the spatial equity obtained by residents gradually increases.②Under the comfort threshold,the spatial distribution characteristics of quantity,quality and type fairness of the UERS are similar,showing the distribution characteristics of gradual decline from the center of the main urban area to the periphery of the new city,while the distribution characteristics of accessibility show the trend of decreasing radiation from the high-quality UERS.Under the limit threshold,the spatial fairness of residents in all dimensions is higher than the comfort threshold,and the grade difference between communities is gradually reduced.On the whole,it shows the trend of the grade of the main urban area is higher and the new urban area is lower.③The spatial distribution of the comprehensive spatial equity of UERS is characterized by scattered distribution on the whole,concentrated distribution in some regions,and mixed and staggered distribution of high and low levels.(4)The social equity and service experience of UERS enjoyed by different groups are different.①There is a strong correlation between the social attributes of residents and the equity level of UERS enjoyed by residents,in which the influence of age is relatively small,while the equity differences caused by gender and income are relatively large.②The overall distribution characteristics of social equity of different groups are similar,showing the characteristics of relatively scattered distribution of high-level communities,relatively concentrated distribution of low-level communities,and cyclic alternating distribution of high and low levels.There are still significant differences in the number and distribution of communities at different levels of social equity in local areas.③The matching characteristics of supply and demand of UERS show that the center of the main city and the periphery of the city are relatively matched,while the transition area between the main city and the new city is seriously mismatched,which is a phenomenon of suburban polarization.④The difference of group attributes leads to the alienation of residents’ needs,which makes different groups have different service experience for the same UERS.(5)Based on the analysis results of the supply and demand characteristics and the equity level of UERS in Wuhan urban development area,this paper summarizes the existing obvious unfair phenomena in the study area and finds that the unfair phenomena are formed by multiple factors such as the natural resources and environment,the government policy planning,the participation of the capital market and the sociality of the different groups.Based on this,the research formulates the optimization strategy of UERS layout from many aspects,so as to guide it to develop in the direction of spatial justice.