Liner Service Operation Optimization Based On Port And Shipping Cooperation Driven By Carbon Reductio

With the recovery of the world economy and global trade,the volume of container transportation has always shown an increasing trend in the past ten years.Container liner transportation has the characteristics of profit fluctuation,and susceptibility to international trade factors.Since the contradiction between the rapid development of the industrial economy and environmental safety has intensified,governments and world organizations have introduced and formulated "green and low-carbon" development goals to strictly limit ship pollution.At present,shipping companies are promoting the large-scale ships,adopting clean energy,slowing down the traffic speed,aiming to control fuel consumption and reduce carbon emissions.At the same time,they have led to a decline in the on-time rate of liner transportation,deterioration of ship operation efficiency,disorder of port operation plans and constant disruption and congestion of traffic.Therefore,when formulating the liner schedule plan,it is necessary to adopt low-carbon and environmentally friendly operation measures,and also to formulate robust decision-making plans that can deal with various uncertain risks to achieve the sustainable development of liner services,which is also the main content of the research.Starting from the perspective of a liner company’s corporate decision-making,the research studies the issue of scheduling optimization based on low-carbon and port congestion,and then takes into account port operators’ berth allocation behavior,and studies the optimizing process of the entire liner service operation under the conditions of port and shipping cooperation.Various types of uncertain factors were analyzed,and the recovery strategy of the ship operation process was modeled.Under the multi-objective constraints of saving liner company operating costs,reducing ship carbon emissions,and improving the reliability of liner services,this research focused on optimizing modeling from both strategic and operational perspectives,and seeking sustainable development of liner services based on port and shipping cooperation.The innovations of this research include the following four aspects:(1)Multi-objective ship scheduling optimization modeling considering port congestion and carbon emissionsIn the past,most of the modeling of ship scheduling optimization problems was aimed at controlling costs.Ship schedule optimization design is inseparable from speed modeling.This research also uses queuing theory to analyze port congestion based on the speed optimization model,calculate the turnaround of ships in the port,and the fuel consumption costs and carbon emissions of the entire voyage(those on the sea and in the port were both included).A multi-objective model of cost-effectiveness,service efficiency and environmental sustainability was constructed by drawing on the experience of the performance evaluation indicators of the service supply chain,and solved by multi-objective algorithms.The results show that it would effectively relieve port congestion and air pollution in port to strengthen cooperation between shipping liners and ports,and adjust the schedule according to actual situations with sharing useful information.The model considers the impact of shipping on society and the environment,and balancing the relationship between economic goals and social and environmental goals.(2)Collaborative optimization modeling of liner schedule and berth allocationShipping companies tend to formulate shipping schedules and port operators tend to formulate terminal berth plans from the company’s internal decision-making.However,as the two important nodes in the upstream and downstream of the container supply chain,they should establish a connection from the perspective of port and shipping cooperation,and build a collaborative optimization model of ship schedule and berth allocation to realize coordinated decision-making.Robust models can be employed to increase the flexibility of the plan under the dual objective constraints of the smallest total operating costs(including carbon emissions costs)and the highest service reliability.The model was solved by multiobjective algorithms,and the results show that the port and shipping cooperation benefits both parties,which provide decision support for liner services to respond to uncertain changes and reliable shipping services.(3)Low-carbon strategy modeling for liner services considering environmental factors and policy constraintsWith the further expansion of the global Emission Control Areas(ECA),various international organizations and national governments have discussed the changes in the marine environment and the impact on the daily operations of ships when ships pass the ECA and set emission reduction targets for ships accordingly.Therefore,the dual objective fuzzy programming model is constructed,considering ECA limits and atmosphere at sea,and solved by ME transformation and Augmented ε constraint method.While using clean energy or installing scrubbers to deal with sulfur emission control areas,shipping companies should reconfigure and manage ship resources and optimize operations to achieve the goal of controlling ship operating costs,reducing carbon emissions,and increasing the on-time rate of sailing schedules.(4)Optimization modeling of liner service recovery strategy considering uncertain factorsConsidering regular uncertain factors and one-off emergencies,measures are taken from the tactical and operational levels for the two types of interference factors to design a robust real-time recovery liner schedule plan.The strategy at the tactical level,which is also called mid-term decision-making was first adopted to try to avoid conventional uncertain factors by allocating buffer time;the real-time recovery strategy in the actual ship operation process,which is short-term decision-making at the operational level,including acceleration,voyage changing,and changing the order of port of calls and speeding up operations in ports,was then utilized to avoid regular interference factors and the risk of emergencies.The above problems still aimed at minimum total operating cost,minimum carbon emissions and maximum customer satisfaction.Two algorithms,NSGA II and WOGWO,were used to solve the real-time schedule optimization model.The experimental results show that the recovery strategy to mitigate uncertainties is feasible and effective.The research has solved the problem of liner service schedule optimization based on port and shipping cooperation by combining solving,verification and analysis of the actual calculation examples.The berths and ship resources can be reasonably configured to reduce uncertainties for ships.Robust schedule design optimization solutions and recovery interference decision support have been provided to comply with the development trend of low carbon.Reliable berth allocation plans for ports have been offered to promote the sustainable development of liner services from top to bottom.