Research On The Symbiosis Relationship Between Ports And Maritime-Related Industries Based On Industrial Clusters

Maritime cluster is of great significance to the development of regional economy and the accumulation of maritime resources.Nowadays,some maritime clusters in China are in a critical period of transformation and upgrading.However,the upgrading mode and path of the maritime cluster have not yet been clarified.During the upgrading process,there are problems such as fierce competition for resources among industries.To answer the important question of what role the port and maritime industries with different-value-added play in the process of upgrading maritime clusters,this research based on cluster theory,symbiosis theory,resource-based theory,life cycle theory and value chain theory,explores maritime cluster upgrading model and the symbiotic relationship between ports and maritimerelated industries based on industrial clusters.It provides a basis for managers to coordinate industrial development and promote cluster upgrades.The specific work of this research are as follows:summarizing the basic connotation and inter-generational development of the maritime cluster,and proposing the upgrade model,path,and key tasks of maritime cluster;Proposing an analytical method and explanatory framework for the industrial symbiosis relationship of maritime cluster,and conducted detailed discussions;Models such as Lotka-Volterra were constructed to empirically study the symbiosis mode of the port and maritime-related industries in the maritime cluster of Dalian,China;The effect of maritime-related industries on port production efficiency are analyzed theoretically,and models such as DEA-Malmquist and Hierarchical Linear Model(HLM)are constructed to empirically study the impact of maritime-related industries on port total factor productivity(Port TFP);Finally,the evolution of maritime industry symbiotic relationship based on an industrial cluster is proposed.Research shows:(1)Two aspects should be considered in analyzing the symbiotic relationship of maritime industries based on industrial clusters.:industrial production and trade relationship,and cluster effect.The interpretation of the symbiosis relationship of maritime industry should be placed under the framework of the cluster life cycle.Five influencing factors are also considered:cluster type,leader behavior,cluster style,governance model,and local characteristics.This conclusion reveals the law of industrial symbiosis in maritime clusters and explains the diversity and dynamics of industrial symbiosis relationships in maritime clusters.(2)In the empirical study of the maritime cluster of Dalian,China,it is found that in the nondeclining period of the cluster,the port attracts resources to promote the development of the shipping industry and marine insurance industry.During the declining period,the port intensified resource competition and lock-in effects and undermined the stability of the internal relations of maritime cluster.For clusters in decline,it is recommended that government strengthen inter-industry cooperation,increase market openness,and provide enterprises with supportive policies to solve the dilemma caused by resource scarcity to industrial development.(3)Theoretical analysis shows that maritime-related industries of industrial clusters improve port production efficiency through cluster effects and industrial connections.The empirical research on the Bohai Bay,China proves that the shipping industry and the shipping agency directly participate in port production activities,and the expansion of their scale has promoted the increase of port total factor productivity(TFP);The shipping design industry does not participate in port activities and has no direct impact on port TFP,but it has a positive regulatory effect on port TFP.In addition,the high level of economic development has promoted the growth of port TFP,and the maritime cluster during the recession has inhibited the growth of port TFP.