| Conservation planning is the process of deciding how to allocate limited conservation resources.In the context of the concept of sustainable development,the scientific method provides conservation planning with the information and direction needed for resource allocation and action implementation,and plays an important role in facilitating the achievement of biodiversity conservation and in addressing the relationship between urban development and the natural environment.During the rapid urbanization of Zhengzhou in the past three decades,the conflict between highly intensive human activities and limited resources and environment has become increasingly evident.Land cover changes have impacted urban climate and hydrology,and the uncontrolled expansion and sprawl of urban space has also resulted in the continuous erosion of natural resources,with urban wetlands gradually becoming one of the priority land types to be filled,occupied or modified.The reduction of wetlands has also become an important factor affecting the habitat environment of species.Maintaining the ecological security and sustainability of wetlands through scientific conservation planning of urban wetland space is the ultimate goal of exploration and research in this paper.The study of the impact of mega-city expansion on natural resources is crucial to promoting high-quality urban development.As a core city in the Central Plains Economic Zone and a pivot city in the center line of the "Belt and Road" strategy,Zhengzhou is a difficult and important point in future urban landscape spatial planning to cope with the ecological resource crisis brought by the rapid expansion of urban space and to avoid the ecological and environmental problems arising from the urbanization process.Therefore,based on the concept and goal of integrating resources,efficient intensification,cross-border integration and synergistic coexistence,this paper takes the Zhengzhou city area as the research scope,takes urban wetlands as the representative green infrastructure as the research object,and adopts a combination of multidisciplinary theories and technologies to build a priority conservation pattern for wetlands in Zhengzhou.Exploring the positive significance of geoscape ecosystem protection measures in the process of urbanization development,this paper bridges and links theoretical research and planning practice on the ground,and provides scientific basis and reference for future wetland resource protection planning in Zhengzhou.The main research contents and results are as follows.(1)Wetland Resources,using remote sensing data interpretation and field special survey and other methods to conduct a comprehensive survey and mapping of the scale of wetlands,wetland flora and fauna in Zhengzhou.The total area of wetlands in the city is 47,101.14 hectares,including 37,441.4 hectares of the Yellow River Wetland Nature Reserve,14,875.77 hectares of the city’s water area,with a wetland rate of 6.3% and a water surface rate of 2%.A total of 120 species of wetland plant communities are found in Zhengzhou,and the main stream of the Yellow River is the richest in vegetation.Twenty-five species of waterfowl are common in the wetlands of Zhengzhou City,with the majority of the duck family in the order Gekkidae.Fifty-three species of fish are known in the wetlands of Zhengzhou City,with the largest number of species in the order Carpiformes.(2)Reveal the dynamics,the availability and connectivity of urban wetlands are crucial to maintain biodiversity and ecological services in the urban landscape.The distribution,scale and structure of wetlands in Zhengzhou are influenced by the urbanization process.natural wetlands decreased and artificial wetlands increased during the rapid urbanization of Zhengzhou from 1990 to 2020.The study found that development intensity variables were associated with increases in lake and ditch area and precipitation with seasonal stream area.Seasonal rivers in Zhengzhou are highly dependent on precipitation recharge.The abatement of seasonal rivers and reservoirs in the upper part of the city leads to an uneven spatial and temporal distribution of surface water resources in Zhengzhou.Changes in wetland area also lead to fluctuations in landscape connectivity,with a significant increase in landscape connectivity in the built-up areas of the city.(3)Identifying vacancies and analyzing the coupling of wetland species and conservation space.Based on the species distribution point records and environmental factor variable data,the Max Ent model was used to identify the potential habitat range and conservation vacancies of wetland species in Zhengzhou.the AUC value of the ROC curve training set was above 0.8,and the model prediction accuracy was high.The results showed that the existing Zhengzhou Yellow River Wetland Nature Reserve,the only nature reserve in Zhengzhou,only covers 3099.51 ha of the optimum habitat area for wetland plants,7458.57 ha of the optimum habitat area for waterfowl and2476.26 ha of the optimum habitat area for fish,accounting for 7%,17.76% and 22.75% of the total area of the optimum habitat area in the whole area of Zhengzhou,respectively.This indicates that the existing protected areas are not sufficient to protect the integrity of wetland species’ habitat areas in Zhengzhou,and a large range of species’ habitat areas are still outside the scope of existing protected areas.In addition,the geographical distribution of wetland species is mainly constrained by the distribution of water bodies,bioclimatic and population density.4)Prioritization,according to the species distribution suitability range conservation vacancy,Systematic Conservation Planning(SCP)is used as a theoretical method and Integer Linear Programming(ILP)as a technical tool to construct the priority conservation pattern of urban wetlands.The sub-basin catchment planning units containing the optimal habitat areas for animal and wetland plants,waterfowl and fish were taken as the conservation targets,and the anthropogenic disturbance index of each planning unit in the study area was incorporated into the model as an indirect factor of conservation cost,relying on the prioritizr7.2.0.8 R package to prioritize the conservation vacancies of the optimal habitat areas for wetland species in Zhengzhou.Four scenarios of conservation vacancy identification and overall importance ranking under different objectives were also designed to provide reference for the adjustment and optimization of the wetland conservation system in Zhengzhou under the premise of different conservation objectives.(5)System construction,sorting out the existing national and local wetland protectionrelated policies,combining the results of scientific research and legal policy basis.On the basis of the existing protected area system,expand the scope of wetland protection and establish a wetland classification system and grading system.On the basis of the original one Yellow River Wetland Nature Reserve and 10 wetland parks,8 additional wetland protection plots will be established,and the plan intends to declare the existing 9 wetland parks as provincial wetland parks,in addition to planning to increase the number of provincial wetland parks by 2,municipal wetland parks by 10 and county wetland parks by 2.The plan proposes to include 49 wetlands in the list of protection levels,including 1 national,14 provincial and 34 municipal level.This dissertation aims to provide a multi-step,transparent,inclusive,and repeatable decision-making process for urban wetland conservation planning in Zhengzhou.It provides a practical scientific and technical tool for urban wetland conservation and sustainable ecosystem development. |
PDF Full Text Request