Research On The Location, Capacity And Operation Decision Of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Considering The Interests Of Multiple Entities

Traffic low carbonization and electrification is an effective way to replace electricity in the transportation sector and a powerful measure to help achieve the dual carbon goal.Compared with traditional fuel vehicles,electric vehicles have the advantages of high energy conversion rate,clean and emission free,and are an important carrier of transportation electrification and an important choice to ensure energy security and develop a low-carbon economy.In recent years,the development trend has been rapid,becoming an important development strategy in China.The further development of the electric vehicle industry must be supported by improved charging facilities.Reasonable planning and construction of charging facilities is a basic project to adapt to the rapid growth of charging demand and ensure the healthy development of the electric vehicle industry,and is one of the key construction areas of "new infrastructure".The key to planning the construction of charging facilities lies in accurately grasping the charging needs of users.However,due to various complex factors affecting the charging behavior of electric vehicle users,there is strong uncertainty,and the charging load presents randomness and volatility,which makes it difficult to accurately depict the charging needs.Charging station layout planning and charging needs cannot be reasonably matched.In addition,the charging load of electric vehicles is adjustable and can participate in the interactive regulation of the power grid.Especially in the prospect of increasing the proportion of new energy and the demand for flexible regulation of the power grid,it is a valuable flexible regulation resource.Therefore,how to reasonably plan the location and capacity of electric vehicle charging stations,and achieve efficient and optimal operation in the interactive process of the power grid are currently urgent issues to be addressed.The following research has been carried out to address this issue:(1)In view of the strong randomness of the charging behavior of electric vehicle users in the layout planning process of electric vehicle charging stations,which leads to the difficulty in matching the location and capacity of charging stations with actual demand,and the problem of "overload" and "no-load" of some charging stations.From the perspective of guiding demand,this article analyzes the main influencing factors of the location and capacity of electric vehicle charging stations and the cost composition of charging station operators and electric vehicle users based on a comprehensive analysis,A location and capacity determination model for electric vehicle charging stations is constructed that comprehensively considers the interests of charging station operators and electric vehicle users.By calculating the fuel consumption and time cost of electric vehicle users,the optimal charging station options are recommended for users,thereby orderly guiding user demand,mitigating the impact of charging behavior randomness on location and capacity determination to a certain extent,and promoting the layout planning scheme to match the actual charging demand on the basis of optimal cost.The case study shows that the method proposed in this article can significantly reduce the fuel consumption and waiting time of users driving to the charging station,alleviate the "overload" and "no-load" problems of the charging station,and improve the satisfaction of electric vehicle users with charging services compared to the location and capacity determination method that only considers the interests of the charging station operator.(2)Aiming at the problem of affecting the load balance and power quality of the distribution network under the scenario of disorderly access of electric vehicles,which leads to the capacity increase and safety risks of the distribution network,this paper aims to promote the load balance of the distribution network.Based on the analysis of the impact of the access of electric vehicle charging stations on the load balance,power quality,and economic operation of the distribution network,it constructs the goal of minimizing the peak to valley load difference under the orderly power consumption scenario,A charging station operation decision-making model considering system voltage constraints and other constraints can achieve peak shaving and valley filling at the distribution network level through electric vehicle charging load regulation,improve the distribution network load rate,and delay system capacity expansion.The case study shows that the charging station operation decision-making model proposed in this paper can effectively reduce the peak load and peak valley difference of the distribution network,improve the load rate,and maximize the utilization rate of the distribution network equipment and the acceptance ability of electric vehicle charging loads compared to the previous optimization.In addition,the optimized node voltage is effectively controlled to avoid the risk of voltage exceeding the limit,and the line loss is significantly reduced,which is conducive to promoting the safe operation of the distribution network.(3)Aiming at the problem of large errors in the optimal operation results of the integrated source storage and charging system under demand response scenarios due to source load uncertainty and electricity price uncertainty,which makes it difficult to accurately quantify the economic risks of charging station operators,this paper constructs an equipment model of the integrated source storage and charging system under demand response scenarios and an electric vehicle load adjustment cost model accurate to a single vehicle,based on the following risk theory:,An energy optimization management model for the integrated source storage and charging system considering multi-level risk constraints is constructed.Through case analysis,it is verified that the energy management method of the integrated source storage and charging system considering downstream risks proposed in this article can provide support for charging station operators to formulate operation plans under different expected risks,and effectively address the impact of various uncertainties on system operation decisions.In addition,an electric vehicle load regulation strategy that considers user revenue can reduce system operating costs while avoiding serious impacts on users due to excessive load regulation.This paper systematically studies the layout planning method of electric vehicle charging stations facing multiple stakeholders,the optimization and adjustment model of electric vehicle charging load considering the physical constraints of the distribution network under the orderly power consumption scenario,and the economic operation strategy of the integrated system of source,storage,and charging considering various uncertainties under the demand response scenario.The research results can provide theoretical guidance for the layout planning of electric vehicle charging stations,It has important theoretical significance and engineering application value for improving the utilization rate of electric vehicle charging facilities,giving full play to the interactive adjustment role of large-scale electric vehicle charging load access to the power grid,and promoting the transformation of transportation electrification.