Research On China's Railway Diplomacy From The Perspective Of "One Belt, One Road

At present,the centennial changes in the world are accelerating.Changes in the world,times and history are unfolding in an unprecedented way.The setback of globalization promoted by western neoliberalism has become a prominent feature of the century-old changes.Protectionism and anti-globalization are spreading,geopolitical risks are on the rise,and world peace and development face unprecedented challenges.Global cooperation urgently needs to find new impetus.Humanity faces the question "What’s wrong with the world? What about us?" as the question of the times.To solve this problem,China proposed the Belt and Road Initiative to build a "community with a shared future for mankind" to cope with the century-old changes in the world.Ten years into the Belt and Road Initiative,has it led to new international cooperation? How has it led to new international cooperation? What are the specific manifestations?The West has dominated the process of globalization with neoliberalism for decades.Human civilization has reached an unprecedented level of development,and the world has become more and more a whole.However,neoliberalism began to show its own defects: it overemphasized individual and personality in practice,emphasized efficiency over fairness in economy,advocated privatization,and superstitious about the effectiveness of institutions in international relations.In international politics,it is reflected that some countries implement the beggar-thy-neighbor,shift the crisis and benefit themselves at the expense of others.In the economy,the one-sided pursuit of relative gains and the complete hope of development on the lack of reasonable boundaries of the market,efficiency and fairness are not only unable to take into account,but globalization has resulted in the rich getting richer and the poor getting poorer.The institutions and norms that were regarded as the norm by the neoliberal international relations theory did not play a role in restraining the major powers,but were constantly undermined by them."Withdrawal from the group","chain breaking" and "decoupling" were not condemned and punished,but aggravated the turmoil and division of the world.Globalization is facing a huge impact from changes in the past century.Therefore,in theory,the neoliberalism related research constitutes the basis of the research;In terms of the selection of cases,the construction of railway connectivity under the Belt and Road Initiative provides an all-round and multi-level explanation for solving the current difficulties in international cooperation.Reform and opening up have brought China into line with globalization.As a beneficiary of globalization,China firmly supports the process of globalization.As a participant and contributor in the process of globalization,China has the obligation and responsibility to correct the problems and contribute "Chinese wisdom" to global peace and development.Based on the development experience of reform and opening up and the shared values of mankind,China has put forward the value of a community with a shared future for mankind,and on this basis advocated Belt and Road cooperation.Under the principle of extensive consultation,joint contribution and shared benefits,with the goal of achieving connectivity,we should make innovations in the traditional mode of cooperation of Western modernity,and promote a new type of globalization with Chinese modernization.Through combing the existing researches,it is found that the research of neoliberalism involves political philosophy,economics,international relations and other disciplines,and there are intersections between them.Although globalization generally refers to economic globalization,it has already covered the scope of political philosophy and international relations theory in practice.Therefore,to analyze the setbacks of neoliberal globalization,it is necessary to use the method of cross-research to explore how the "Belt and Road" Initiative promotes the new type of international cooperation and the new type of globalization process from the above three perspectives.In the case test,three unsuccessful and unsuccessful cases are selected to compare with the successful case of China-Laos railway.It points out that China’s railway diplomacy under the Belt and Road Initiative is an important embodiment of Chinese modernization to promote new globalization.China’s railway diplomacy should establish a scientific and sustainable development strategy,both efficiency and fairness.We should attach importance to "asymmetric" factors in international exchanges to build a new type of balanced and equal global development partnership.We should draw wisdom from the historical exchanges in neighboring countries and objectively examine the different regions of the current railway diplomacy practice,so as to establish partnership to solve the problem of the failure of the international system.By studying China’s railway diplomacy under the Belt and Road Initiative,we can have an insight into the "Chinese plan" provided by China to build a new type of globalization and cope with the century-old changes in the world.Infrastructure connectivity is the foundation of connectivity and an area in which China has made great achievements in reform and opening up.Transport infrastructure is the pioneer of China’s modernization.The Belt and Road Initiative aims to achieve connectivity,and road connectivity is the foundation and decisive factor.Over the past40 years of Reform and Open,China has built the largest high-speed railway network in the world and the second largest railway network in the world.China leads the world in high-speed railway design,production and construction,and takes the lead in track technology in high-tech scenarios.China is a very representative industry in connectivity construction,and has the strength to demonstrate the new globalization cooperation practice promoted by the Belt and Road Initiative.At the same time,railway itself has the characteristics of being an important carrier of geopolitics and national economic development,which is a very representative problem to be overcome and solved by the Belt and Road Initiative.Therefore,China’s railway diplomacy from the perspective of the "Belt and Road" Initiative has research value.Through literature analysis,this paper reviews the existing researches and discusses the relationship between neoliberalism and globalization.Combined with case analysis,the paper analyzes that railway diplomacy in the Belt and Road Initiative is an important manifestation of promoting new cooperation.Through empirical research,it is concluded that railway diplomacy under the "Belt and Road" Initiative supports the construction of a fair,efficient and inclusive new globalization.Through the comparison between China-Laos Railway and China-KyrgyzstanUzbekistan Railway,it is found that the "asymmetric" factors in national exchanges cannot be ignored.Meanwhile,geopolitical factors also affect the development of railway diplomacy.Therefore,with the help of the history of friendly exchanges between China and Central Asia,it is an important breakthrough to constantly deepen the communication and exchanges with Central Asian countries.The Hungary-Serbia railway needs to be approved by the EU in terms of laws and norms.Long-term market review and strict technical standards require China’s railway diplomacy to pay attention to the coordination between efficiency,benefits and fairness.However,due to the interference of geopolitical factors,the railway diplomacy needs to allow more countries to benefit from the cooperation of railway connectivity,so as to achieve sustainable development.The Moscow-Kazan high-speed railway is completely influenced by the geopolitical situation.China’s railway diplomacy must calmly and objectively view the current global and regional situation,evaluate the situation,and safeguard the future high-quality development of the Belt and Road Initiative.There are many states along the Belt and Road with different national conditions,so the difficulty of cooperation,project progress and benefits,and cooperation mode are all unique.By discussing,defining and analyzing the railway diplomacy under the "Belt and Road" Initiative,taking the "Belt and Road" Initiative to solve the dilemma of neoliberalism,the Chinese-style modernization to promote the new globalization,providing railway public goods to reduce the development cost of various countries as arguments,this paper expounds how and how the "Belt and Road" Initiative can promote the new type of international cooperation.To realize the purpose of demonstrating that China’s railway diplomacy under the Belt and Road Initiative can promote a new type of globalization cooperation that is truly fair,efficient and beneficial to all.And put forward suggestions for the development of China’s railway diplomacy under the Belt and Road Initiative.