Construction Of A Standardized Production System For Medium-Strong Gluten Wheat Based On The Triple Helix Structure In Hebei Province

The scientific research of medium-strong gluten wheat started earlier in Hebei Province.In the late 1990s,it has had the outstanding crop of high quality gluten wheat,Gao You and Shi Luan,The two series varieties occupied the half of the country in strong gluten wheat.However,after more than 30 years,the industrialization scale and level of high-quality special wheat in Hebei Province are still low.The quality performance of high quality wheat varieties is not stable between years and environments,and the quantity and quality of wheat varieties cannot better meet the requirements of food industry for specialized and large-scale raw materials.In view of the above practical problems,the study focused on the ultimate goal of improving the quality of wheat,and made a systematic study on the standardized production system of medium-strength gluten wheat according to the standards of the key links in the production.The study combines agronomy,crop production engineering,agricultural economics and other disciplines into an organic whole,using a variety of research methods and analytical techniques,sample survey combined with typical case study,qualitative analysis combined with quantitative analysis,and inductive summary Combined with deductive reasoning.Firstly,an evaluation standard of high quality wheat was constructed,the quality status of strong gluten and medium gluten wheat were analyzed by using this standard in Hebei province.Secondly,the standardized production is deconstructed into three aspects:standardized technology system,socialized service mode and industrialized operation mechanism.The technical system is the basis of standardized production,the service mode is the guarantee of standardized production,and the industrialization operation mechanism is the key of standardized production.The popularity rate of standardized production technology was estimated by analyzing the application status of varieties and seeding technology,water and fertilizer operation technology and green prevention and control technology.The key factors that affect the standardized production behavior of the new management agents were determined by the structural equation model.Through the field investigation of new business entities and social service organizations,the effective social service models were determined and their effect is analyzed;Through the typical cases of processing enterprises and seed enterprises driving standardized production,the"three-helix" standardized operation mechanism of stakeholder coordination is constructed.Finally,on the basis of the above research,the paper puts forward the research conclusions.suggestions and prospects.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)the standardized production system of medium-strong gluten wheat is composed of standardized technology system,socialized service mode and industrialized operation mechanism which form a unified whole and support the development of standardized production system.The optimal technology system can be summarized as follows:medium-strong gluten and water-saving variety+testing soil for formulated fertilization technology+delaying spring irrigation and increasing nitrogen fertilizer application at late stage+water-saving irrigation during grain-filling period+green prevention and control throughout the whole process;The main social service models are as follows:the service mode of regional escrow production combining public welfare and for-profit services;the service mode of land trusteeship including equity dividend+standard operation+grain bank;"one-stop" intelligent agricultural standardized service model.The operation mechanism is summarized as follows:the industrialization mechanism of enterprises driven by power-supervisioncooperation-benefit based on the triple helix structure.(2)The quality index has a higher rate of reaching the standard in medium-strong gluten wheat of Hebei province,but the variety structure,quality stability and gluten quality cannot fully meet the requirements of diversified and large-scale production of food enterprises.All the evaluation indexes of strong gluten wheat reached the corresponding standards except water absorption.However,the gluten index decreased year by year,the variation coefficient of stability time and formation time were 37.54%and 63.36%,and the protein quality traits were unstable.The quality index of medium gluten wheat reached the standard rate of 67%,but the protein content and gluten of medium gluten wheat showed unconsistent trend.(3)At present,the popularity rate of standardized production of medium-strong gluten wheat is not high.There is a big gap between the behaviors of business entities and requirements of standardized production,the standardization rate is 56.7%.The calculation results of structural equation model show that:farmers’ attitude,social supervision,social service and cooperative relationship had significant positive effects on farmers’ willingness and behavior,and the order of influencing factor was social supervision(β=0.214)>social service(β=0.211)>cooperative relationship(β=0.197)>farmer’s attitude(β=0.172).(4)Trusteeship services carried out by social service organizations have a significant positive effect on the extension of standardized technology.Social services improve the level and continuity of standardized production.According to the calculation,the income of farmers using social services increased by 3150 yuan/ha compared with those no using social services.For farmers with planting scale greater than 66.67 ha,land transfer fee is an important expense.Although the net income per unit is 1620 yuan/ha lower than ordinary farmers,the considerable scale income is beyond the reach of ordinary farmers.For intelligent standardized production,under the premise of hardware subsidies,the cost of equipment borne by farmers can be recouped in 5 years at most;If the dynamic benefits of intelligent irrigation in increasing yield and quality as well as the increased income of maize and wheat in one season are considered,the equipment investment can be recovered in 1.9 years,It indicates that the government’s policy and financial support play an important role in promoting intelligent standardized production.(5)The triple helix structure of relevant stakeholders in the wheat industry chain under the leadership of local governments is the organizational structure for the operation of the standardized production system,it includes:the alliance for germplasm innovation and extention.the strategic alliance for processing enterprise,and the alliance for wheat planting and service.Based on the case study of leading enterprises,the reserch constructs the operating mechanism of enterprises driving standardized production from four dimensions:power,supervision.cooperation and value-added.Development goals have shifted from focusing on scale expansion to focusing on scale,quality and efficiency,the driving force of development has shifted from policy and factor support to innovation driven,the development path has changed from decentralized management to deep integration,and finally forms the industrialization mechanism of enterprises driven by power-supervision-cooperationbenefit based on the triple helix structure.Based on the above research conclusions,the research suggested that(1)The Germplasm Innovation and Extension Alliance should establish a dynamic variety breeding and adjustment mechanism to promote the continuous optimization of varieties;(2)The Strategic Alliance of Flour Eenterprises should promote the quality composite development plan and establish standardized production bases at different levels;(3)The government and other public departments should strengthen the large-scale promotion of high-quality technology and improve the wheat quality control system;(4)Multi-agent based on Triple helix structure jointly build the medium-strong gluten wheat industrial cluster in Hebei Province.The innovations of this study are mainly reflected in the following three aspects:(1)Based on technology demonstration and extensive investigation,the key technologies of medium-strong gluten wheat are identified,including:medium-strong gluten and water-saving variety,testing soil for formulated fertilization technology,delaying spring irrigation and increasing nitrogen fertilizer application at late stage,water-saving irrigation during grain-filling period,green prevention and control throughout the whole process.(2)The"432" standard production system of medium-strong gluten wheat based on user’s demand was constructed.The system consists of four key technologies,three typical social service models and two types of enterprise driving operation mechanisms,forming a comprehensive standardized production from breeding,cultivation to storage to meet the quality requirements of processing enterprises for raw materials.(3)The influencing factors of standardized production behavior are defined from the four dimensions of motivation,supervision,value-added and cooperation.It has built an industrialized operation mechanism of "triple helix" in which the innovation chain and the industrial chain are integrated and the stakeholders are coordinated.The model is close to the reality,which increases the credibility of the conclusion.