| Tropidocephalini is the second largest tribe of the subfamily Delphacinae(Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Delphacidae),with 192 species of 37 genera worldwide and113 species of 23 genera in China.Species of the tribe are widely distributed throughout the Palaearctic,Afrotropical,Oriental,Australian,and Pacific Regions,but most species,feeding on bamboos,are recorded from the Oriental Region.The Chinese fauna of Tropidocephalini represents the richest species diversity of this tribe worldwide.The present dissertation is a systematic study on the tribe Tropidocephalini from China.The results are as follows:1.TaxonomyThere were 102 species of 24 genera of Chinese Tropidocephalini recorded.Among them,8 new genera and 30 new species were described as new to science,new system status for two genera and new synonyms for two genera were proposed,6new combinations were established,1 new alternative name was revised,the male genitalia of 1 species was described for the first time.The main morphological characteristic figures and male genitalia descriptions were provided.Keys to genera and species were also provided respectively.Eight new genera were established: Aodingus gen.nov.;Belocerella gen.nov.;Latiaedeagus gen.nov.;Longiantenna gen.nov.;Neoepeurysa gen.nov.;Parabelocera gen.nov.;Pseudobelocera gen.nov.;Thinocarina gen.nov.Thirty new species were discovered: Aodingus maculosus sp.nov.;A.obscurus sp.nov.;A.testaceus sp.nov.;Arcofacies longispinus Li,Yang & Chen,2019(previously published);A.varius Li,Yang & Chen,2019(previously published);A.hainanensis sp.nov.;A.spathulatus sp.nov.;Bambusiphaga laterospina sp.nov.;B.nigrigena sp.nov.;B.caudospina sp.nov.;B.flava sp.nov.;B.spinosa sp.nov.;B.striola sp.nov.;Belocerella fuscousa sp.nov.;Latiaedeagus nigroclypenus sp.nov.;Longiantenna projecta sp.nov.;Malaxa hamuliferum Li,Yang & Chen,2019(previously published);M.tricuspis Li,Yang & Chen,2019(previously published);Neobelocera biprocessa Li,Yang & Chen,2020(previously published);N.russa Li,Yang & Chen,2020(previously published);N.parvulua sp.nov.;N.furcata sp.nov.;Neoepeurysa aurelia sp.nov.;Parabelocera touchia sp.nov.;Pseudobelocera maculata sp.nov.;Purohita castaneus Li,Yang & Chen,2019(previously published);P.circumcincta Li,Yang & Chen,2019(previously published);Thinocarina longispina sp.nov.;Tropidocephala huabania sp.nov.;T.lamellate sp.nov.New system status for two genera were proposed: Carinofrons Chen & Li,2000(transfer to Delphacini);Paranectopia Ding & Tian,1981(transfer to Delphacini)New synonyms for two genera were proposed: Arcifrons Ding & Yang,1986 =Arcofacies Muir,1915;Specinervures Kuoh & Ding,1980 = Bambusiphaga Huang &Ding,1979Six new combinations were established: Arcofacies arcifrontalis(Ding & Yang,1986)comb.nov.(from Arcifrons Ding & Yang,1986);Bambusiphaga nigrocarinata(Kuoh & Ding,1980)comb.nov.(from Specinervures Kuoh & Ding,1980);B.basifusca(Chen & Li,2000)comb.nov.(from Specinervures Kuoh & Ding,1980);B.interrupta(Ding & Hu,1986)comb.nov.(from Specinervures Kuoh & Ding,1980);Tropidocephala citricolora(Chen & Li,2002)comb.nov.(from Conocraera Muir,1916);T.hainana(Huang & Ding,1980)comb.nov.(from Conocraera Muir,1916)One new alternative name was revised: Bambusiphaga unispina nom.nov.=Bambusiphaga basifusca Hou & Chen,2010The male for first description: Carinodelphax carinatus Ding & Yang,19872.Phylogenetic analysis based on morphological characteristicsBased on 60 morphological characteristics,the phylogenetic relationships between 31 genera of Tropidocephalini in China were studied.The results showed that:(1)The phylogenetic relationships among the genera in Tropidocephalini from China were preliminarily explained;(2)Except for Carinofrons and Paranectopia,the other 29 genera of Tropidocephalini form a monophyletic group;(3)Carinofrons and Paranectopia were mixed with Delphacini,indicating that the system status of Carinofrons and Paranectopia is problematic.Based on 21 morphological characteristics,the phylogenetic relationships between 9 species of Arcofacies were studied.The results showed that:(1)The phylogenetic relationships among the species of Arcofacies were preliminarily explained;(2)Arcifrons arcifrontalis and Arcofacies moliensis are sister groups of each other,indicating that the classification status of Arcifrons is doubtful.Based on 37 morphological characteristics,the phylogenetic relationships between 29 species of Bambusiphaga were studied.The results showed that:(1)The phylogenetic relationships among the species of Bambusiphaga were preliminarily explained;(2)29 species of Bambusiphaga and 3 species of Specinervures were mixed and formed two branches;(3)Phylogenetic studies did not support the species group of Bambusiphaga;(4)Specinervures nigrocarinata,S.basifusca,and S.interrupta are sister groups with B.fascia,indicating that the classification status of Specinervures is doubtful.Based on 40 morphological characteristics,the phylogenetic relationships between 22 species of Tropidocephala were studied.The results showed that:(1)The phylogenetic relationships among the species of Tropidocephala were preliminarily explained;(2)According to the phylogenetic results,it is suggested that Conocraera citricolora and C.hainana should be transferred to Tropidocephala.3.Phylogenetic analysis based on molecular dataThe complete mitochondrial genomes of 55 species of 20 genera of Tropidocephalini in China were sequenced.The results of phylogenetic study showed that:(1)The phylogenetic relationships among 20 genera of Tropidocephalini from China were preliminarily explained;(2)Carinofrons should be moved into Delphacini;(3)Except for Carinofrons,the other 19 genera of Tropidocephalini form a monophyletic group;(4)Except for Arcofacies and Bambusiphaga,the remaining 18 genera of Tropidocephalini form a monophyletic group separately;(5)Arcifrons and Arcofacies belong to the same genus;(6)Specinervures and Bambusiphaga belong to the same genus;(7)Species of Bambusiphaga and Specinervures form two branches;(8)Phylogenetic studies did not support the species group of Bambusiphaga. |
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